Magnetic field amplification in massive primordial halos

Influence of Lyman-Werner radiation

¹ Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
e-mail: vdiaz@hs.uni-hamburg.de
² Departamento de Astronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas Universidad de Concepción, Av. Esteban Iturra s/n Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-C, Chile
e-mail: dschleicher@astro-udec.cl
³ Physics Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551 Al-Ain, UAE
e-mail: latifne@gmail.com

Received: 22 August 2023
Accepted: 5 January 2024

Abstract

Context. The potential importance of magnetic fields during structure formation and gravitational collapse in the early Universe has been shown in several studies. In particular, magnetic field amplification by the small-scale dynamo plays an important role in addition to the pure amplification expected from gravitational collapse.

Aims. In this paper we study the small-scale dynamo for halos of ≳10⁷ M_⊙ collapsing at z ≳ 12, under different ambient conditions due to the strength of the Lyman-Werner background. Additionally, we estimate the approximate saturation level by varying the initial magnetic field strength.

Methods. We performed cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations for three distinct halos of ∼10⁷ M_⊙ at z ≥ 12 by varying the Jeans resolution from 32 − 256 cells and employed Lyman Werner background flux of strengths 10² − 10⁵ in units of J₂₁, where J₂₁ = 10⁻²¹ erg cm⁻² sr⁻¹ s⁻¹Hz⁻¹. To follow the chemical and thermal evolution of the gas, we made use of the KROME package.

Results. In addition to the compression by collapse, we find magnetic field amplification via the dynamo in the regimes of atomic and molecular hydrogen cooling. Moreover, we find a lower saturation level in the molecular hydrogen cooling regime. This behaviour can be understood in terms of the generally reduced radial infall velocities and vorticities in this regime, as well as the higher Mach numbers of the gas, which give rise to a smaller saturation ratio.

Conclusions. Our results overall suggest that the dynamo operates over a large range of conditions in the collapsing gas.