Euclid preparation

XXXV. Covariance model validation for the two-point correlation function of galaxy clusters

¹ Dipartimento di Fisica – Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
e-mail: alessandra.fumagalli@inaf.it
² INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
³ IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
⁴ INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy
⁵ Laboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France
⁶ Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France
⁷ INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁸ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁹ INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
¹⁰ Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
¹¹ INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, TO, Italy
¹² Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
¹³ INFN-Sezione di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
¹⁴ Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
¹⁵ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy
¹⁶ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal
¹⁷ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
¹⁸ INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
¹⁹ INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
²⁰ Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
²¹ Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
²² Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Carrer Gran Capitá 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
²³ Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
²⁴ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
²⁵ INFN Section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
²⁶ Centre National d’Études Spatiales – Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 Avenue Édouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
²⁷ Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cédex 16, France
²⁸ Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
²⁹ Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
³⁰ ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
³¹ European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
³² University of Lyon, Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
³³ Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
³⁴ Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
³⁵ Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
³⁶ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
³⁷ Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
³⁸ INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
³⁹ Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁴⁰ Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, 13288 Marseille, France
⁴¹ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
⁴² INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
⁴³ Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany
⁴⁴ Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029 Blindern 0315 Oslo, Norway
⁴⁵ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
⁴⁶ Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
⁴⁷ Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Copenhagen, Denmark
⁴⁸ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁴⁹ Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
⁵⁰ Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
⁵¹ Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64 00014 Helsinki, Finland
⁵² Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, Helsinki, Finland
⁵³ NOVA Optical Infrared Instrumentation Group at ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
⁵⁴ Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
⁵⁵ Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, UK
⁵⁶ Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
⁵⁷ Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France
⁵⁸ European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
⁵⁹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
⁶⁰ Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
⁶¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
⁶² Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
⁶³ AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁶⁴ Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
⁶⁵ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38204 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁶⁶ Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁶⁷ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁶⁸ Departamento de Física, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada, 2008 Santiago, Chile
⁶⁹ Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
⁷⁰ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
⁷¹ Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadoras, Plaza del Hospital 1, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
⁷² Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 14 Av. Édouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
⁷³ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
⁷⁴ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy
⁷⁵ Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, 10010 New York, NY, USA
⁷⁶ School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
⁷⁷ INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy
⁷⁸ Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
⁷⁹ INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
⁸⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
⁸¹ Junia, EPA Department, 41 Bd Vauban, 59800 Lille, France
⁸² SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, TS, Italy
⁸³ Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
⁸⁴ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
⁸⁵ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁸⁶ Institut de Physique Théorique, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
⁸⁷ NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
⁸⁸ INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁸⁹ INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
⁹⁰ Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
⁹¹ Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
⁹² Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
⁹³ University of Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 Rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
⁹⁴ INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
⁹⁵ Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, 13388 Marseille, France
⁹⁶ Department of Astronomy & Physics and Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
⁹⁷ Department of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
⁹⁸ Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
⁹⁹ University Observatory, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
¹⁰⁰ Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute (AIRUB), German Centre for Cosmological Lensing (GCCL), 44780 Bochum, Germany
¹⁰¹ Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
¹⁰² Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
¹⁰³ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
¹⁰⁴ Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
¹⁰⁵ Astrophysics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
¹⁰⁶ Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
¹⁰⁷ University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Engineering, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
¹⁰⁸ Institut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
¹⁰⁹ Zentrum für Astronomie, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
¹¹⁰ Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
¹¹¹ Department of Mathematics and Physics E. De Giorgi, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, CP-I93, 73100 Lecce, Italy
¹¹² INAF-Sezione di Lecce, c/o Dipartimento Matematica e Fisica, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
¹¹³ INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Via per Arnesano, CP-193, 73100 Lecce, Italy
¹¹⁴ Institute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Măgurele, Ilfov 077125, Romania
¹¹⁵ Institute for Computational Science, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
¹¹⁶ Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
¹¹⁷ Université St Joseph; Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon

Received: 23 November 2022
Accepted: 5 December 2023

Abstract

Aims. We validate a semi-analytical model for the covariance of the real-space two-point correlation function of galaxy clusters.

Methods. Using 1000 PINOCCHIO light cones mimicking the expected Euclid sample of galaxy clusters, we calibrated a simple model to accurately describe the clustering covariance. Then, we used this model to quantify the likelihood-analysis response to variations in the covariance, and we investigated the impact of a cosmology-dependent matrix at the level of statistics expected for the Euclid survey of galaxy clusters.

Results. We find that a Gaussian model with Poissonian shot-noise does not correctly predict the covariance of the two-point correlation function of galaxy clusters. By introducing a few additional parameters fitted from simulations, the proposed model reproduces the numerical covariance with an accuracy of 10%, with differences of about 5% on the figure of merit of the cosmological parameters Ω_m and σ₈. We also find that the covariance contains additional valuable information that is not present in the mean value, and the constraining power of cluster clustering can improve significantly when its cosmology dependence is accounted for. Finally, we find that the cosmological figure of merit can be further improved when mass binning is taken into account. Our results have significant implications for the derivation of cosmological constraints from the two-point clustering statistics of the Euclid survey of galaxy clusters.