| Issue |
A&A
Volume 681, January 2024
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Article Number | A81 | |
| Number of page(s) | 9 | |
| Section | Numerical methods and codes | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202346099 | |
| Published online | 18 January 2024 | |
Testing MURaM and MPS-ATLAS against the quiet solar spectrum
1
Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research,
Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 3,
37077
Göttingen,
Germany
e-mail: witzke@mps.mpg.de
2
Institut Supérieur de l’Aéronautique et de l’Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO),
31400
Toulouse,
France
3
Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen,
Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1,
37077
Göttingen,
Germany
4
Center for Space Science, NYUAD Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi,
PO Box 129188,
Abu Dhabi,
UAE
5
Department of Physics, Imperial College London,
London
SW7 2AZ,
UK
6
Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
PR China
Received:
7
February
2023
Accepted:
6
October
2023
Context. Three-dimensional (3D) radiative magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations are the only way to model stellar atmospheres without any ad hoc parameterisations. Several 3D radiative MHD codes have achieved good quantitative agreement with observables for our Sun.
Aims. We aim to validate the most recent version of the MURaM code by comparing MURaM results to well-established quiet-Sun measurements, in particular spatially averaged measurements that are relevant for stellar studies. This extends the number of solar observables that MURaM can reproduce with high precision. Our validation is an essential condition to ensure that MURaM can be used to accurately calculate the spectra of other cool stars.
Methods. We simulated the solar photosphere and upper convection zone, which harbours a small-scale-dynamo. Using time series of 3D snapshots, we calculated the spectral irradiance, limb darkening, and selected spectral lines, which we compared to observations.
Results. The computed observables agree well with the observations; in particular, the limb darkening of the quiet Sun is reproduced remarkably well.
Key words: methods: numerical / magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) / radiative transfer / Sun: photosphere
© The Authors 2024
Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This article is published in open access under the Subscribe to Open model.
Open Access funding provided by Max Planck Society.
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