TESS discovery of a super-Earth orbiting the M-dwarf star TOI-1680

¹ Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 19C, 4000 Liège, Belgium
e-mail: mr.ghachoui@gmail.com
² Oukaimeden Observatory, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
³ Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
⁴ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 150-762 Porto, Portugal
⁵ Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
⁶ Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
⁷ Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
⁸ School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmimgham B15 2TT, UK
⁹ Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
¹⁰ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
¹¹ NASA Exoplanet Science Institute-Caltech/IPAC, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
¹² Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
¹³ Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Astronomía, AP 70-264, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
¹⁴ Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 19C, 4000 Liège, Belgium
¹⁵ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
¹⁶ AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, F91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
¹⁷ Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Astronomía, AP 106, Ensenada 22800, BC, Mexico
¹⁸ Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
¹⁹ Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
²⁰ Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High St. Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
²¹ Center for Astrophysics and Space Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
²² Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, 1800 Sherman, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
²³ NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
²⁴ Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
²⁵ Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
²⁶ Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
²⁷ SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
²⁸ Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
²⁹ George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
³⁰ Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
³¹ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
³² Department of Astronomy and Tsinghua Centre for Astrophysics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
³³ Astrobiology Center, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

Received: 29 May 2023
Accepted: 3 July 2023

Abstract

We report the discovery by the TESS mission of a super-Earth on a 4.8-days orbit around an inactive M4.5 dwarf (TOI-1680), validated by ground-based facilities. The host star is located 37.14 pc away, with a radius of 0.2100 ± 0.0064 R_⊙, mass of 0.1800 ± 0.0044 M_⊙, and an effective temperature of 3211 ±100 K. We validated and characterized the planet using TESS data, ground-based multi-wavelength photometry from TRAPPIST, SPECULOOS, and LCO, as well as high-resolution AO observations from Keck/NIRC2 and Shane. Our analyses have determined the following parameters for the planet: a radius of 1.466_−0.049^+0.063 R_⊕ and an equilibrium temperature of 404 ± 14 K, assuming no albedo and perfect heat redistribution. Assuming a mass based on mass-radius relations, this planet is a promising target for atmospheric characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).