Calibrating angular momentum transport in intermediate-mass stars from gravity-mode asteroseismology

¹ IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 14 Avenue Édouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
² Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
e-mail: jmombarg@irap.omp.eu

Received: 20 January 2023
Accepted: 28 June 2023

Abstract

Context. The physical mechanisms driving the transport of angular momentum in stars are not fully understood, as current models cannot explain the observed stellar rotation profiles across all stages of evolution.

Aims. By making use of pulsating F-type dwarfs, we aim to (i) observationally calibrate the efficiency of angular momentum transport, assuming a constant uniform viscosity, and (ii) test how well state-of-the-art rotating stellar models with angular momentum (AM) transport by rotationally induced processes can explain observed rotation profiles. In both cases, the aim is to simultaneously reproduce the measured near-core rotation and core-to-surface rotation ratio.

Methods. Asteroseismic modelling is applied to a sample of seven slowly rotating pulsators in order to derive (core) masses and ages from their gravity-mode oscillations. This work focuses on the main sequence (MS), using models that start with an initial uniform rotation frequency at the start of core-hydrogen burning, which is a free parameter. Two treatments of AM transport are considered: (i) a constant uniform viscosity, and (ii) rotationally induced processes (including the Spruit-Tayler dynamo). Next, the initial rotation frequency of each star is derived from the observed present-day near-core rotation frequency for both treatments.

Results. Asteroseismic modelling of gravity mode periods reveals that all seven slowly rotating stars (one of which is not further modelled) in the sample are near the end of core-hydrogen burning. To explain the near-core rotation rate at the inferred age, initial rotation frequencies at the zero-age main sequence need to be below 10% of the initial critical break-up frequency. The derived initial rotation frequencies are consistent with previous works.

Conclusions. A diffusive approximation of angular momentum transport can in general explain the observed rotation profiles of the six slowly rotating F-type dwarfs for average values of the viscosity of between 2 × 10⁵ and 5 × 10⁷ cm² s⁻¹ or when the viscosity is computed from rotationally induced mechanisms. Yet, for three stars in the sample, the core-to-surface rotation fraction from rotationally induced mechanisms is predicted to be higher than observed.