Simultaneous and panchromatic observations of the fast radio burst FRB 20180916B^⋆

¹ Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Fisica, SP Monserrato-Sestu km 0.7, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
² INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
³ INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁴ Department of Physics and Earth Science, University of Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
⁵ INFN – Sezione di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
⁶ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
⁷ National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Post Bag 3, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 007 India
⁸ INAF/IAPS, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma (RM), Italy
⁹ Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma (RM), Italy
¹⁰ INFN Sezione di Roma 2, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma (RM), Italy
¹¹ Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 84/32, 117997 Moscow, Russia
¹² ISDC, Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d’Ecogia, 16 CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
¹³ SSDC/ASI, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma (RM), Italy
¹⁴ INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Roma, via Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
¹⁵ INAF-Istituto di Radio Astronomia, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
¹⁶ Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, PO Box 94 Grahamstown, 6140 South Africa
¹⁷ South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Black River Park, 2 Fir Street, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
¹⁸ INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 50125 Florence, Italy
¹⁹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
²⁰ Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
²¹ Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
²² CAHA – Centro Astronómico Hispano en Andalucía, Observatorio de Calar Alto, Sierra de los Filabres, 04550 Gérgal, Almería, Spain
²³ Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 PR China
²⁴ Fundación Galileo Galilei – INAF, Rambla J.A. Fernández P. 7, 38712 S.C.Tenerife, Spain
²⁵ Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow M.V. Lomonosov State University, Universitetskij pr., 13, 119992 Moscow, Russia
²⁶ Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma (RM), Italy
²⁷ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 PR China

Received: 27 October 2022
Accepted: 2 June 2023

Abstract

Aims. Fast radio bursts are bright radio transients whose origins are not yet understood. The search for a multi-wavelength counterpart of those events can set a tight constraint on the emission mechanism and the progenitor source.

Methods. We conducted a multi-wavelength observational campaign on FRB 20180916B between October 2020 and August 2021 over eight activity cycles of the source. Observations were carried out in the radio band by the SRT both at 336 and 1547 MHz and the uGMRT at 400 MHz. Simultaneous observations were conducted by the optical telescopes Asiago (Galileo and Copernico), CMO SAI MSU, CAHA 2.2 m, RTT-150 and TNG, and X/γ-ray detectors on board the AGILE, Insight–HXMT, INTEGRAL, and Swift satellites.

Results. We present the detection of 14 new radio bursts detected with the SRT at 336 MHz and seven new bursts with the uGMRT from this source. We provide the deepest prompt upper limits in the optical band for FRB 20180916B to date. In fact, the TNG/SiFAP2 observation simultaneous to a burst detection by uGMRT gives an upper limit E_optical/E_radio <  1.3 × 10². Another burst detected by the SRT at 336 MHz was also co-observed by Insight–HXMT. The non-detection in the X-rays yields an upper limit (1 − 30 keV band) of E_{X − ray}/E_radio in the range of (0.9 − 1.3) × 10⁷, depending on the model that is considered for the X-ray emission.