Binary asteroid dissociation and accretion around white dwarfs

¹ Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
e-mail: jinzeping@mail.bnu.edu.cn; lidaohai@bnu.edu.cn; zhuzh@bnu.edu.cn
² School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China

Received: 20 January 2023
Accepted: 31 March 2023

Abstract

About 25–50% of white dwarfs (WDs) show metal lines in their spectra. Among the widely accepted explanations for this effect is that these WDs are accreting asteroids that are perhaps flung onto the WDs by a planet via resonance, for instance. A number of theoretical works have looked into the accretion of asteroids onto WDs and obtained a fair agreement with the observed accretion rate. However, it is solely a very recent study (referenced in this work) that has taken asteroid binarity into consideration, examining the scattering between an asteroid binary and planets and showing that a dissociation and ejection of the former might result and the effect on WD metal accretion is likely to be weak. Here, we investigate the close encounter between an asteroid binary and the central WD and consider how the binary’s dissociation may affect the WD’s accretion. We find that depending on the orbital and physical properties, the components may acquire orbits that are significantly different (even on the order of unity) from that of the parent binary. We assumed all the inner main belt asteroids are binaries and we studied their accretion onto the solar WD under the perturbation of the giant planets. We find that compared to the case without binaries, the components’ accretion may be postponed (or put forward) by millions of years or more, as the objects may be taken out of (or driven deeper into) the resonance due to the sudden orbital change upon dissociation. However, the overall influence of binary dissociation on the accretion rate is not very significant.