Kinematics and mass distributions for non-spherical deprojected Sérsic density profiles and applications to multi-component galactic systems

¹ Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
e-mail: sedona@mpe.mpg.de
² Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
³ Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
⁴ Sterrewacht Leiden, Leiden University, Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
⁵ Universitäts-Sternwarte Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (USM), Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 München, Germany
⁶ Departments of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
⁷ Physics Department, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
⁸ University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa

Received: 30 May 2022
Accepted: 12 July 2022

Abstract

Using kinematics to decompose the mass profiles of galaxies, including the dark matter contribution, often requires parameterization of the baryonic mass distribution based on ancillary information. One such model choice is a deprojected Sérsic profile with an assumed intrinsic geometry. The case of flattened, deprojected Sérsic models has previously been applied to flattened bulges in local star-forming galaxies (SFGs), but can also be used to describe the thick, turbulent disks in distant SFGs. Here, we extend this previous work that derived density (ρ) and circular velocity (v_circ) curves by additionally calculating the spherically-enclosed 3D mass profiles (M_sph). Using these profiles, we compared the projected and 3D mass distributions, quantified the differences between the projected and 3D half-mass radii (R_e; r_{1/2, mass, 3D}), and compiled virial coefficients relating v_circ(R) and M_sph(< r = R) or M_tot. We quantified the differences between mass fraction estimators for multi-component systems, particularly for dark matter fractions (ratio of squared circular velocities versus ratio of spherically enclosed masses), and we considered the compound effects of measuring dark matter fractions at the projected versus 3D half-mass radii. While the fraction estimators produce only minor differences, using different aperture radius definitions can strongly impact the inferred dark matter fraction. As pressure support is important in analyses of gas kinematics (particularly, at high redshifts), we also calculated the self-consistent pressure support correction profiles, which generally predict less pressure support than for the self-gravitating disk case. These results have implications for comparisons between simulation and observational measurements, as well as for the interpretation of SFG kinematics at high redshifts. We have made a set of precomputed tables and the code to calculate the profiles publicly available.