The first simultaneous X-ray broadband view of Mrk 110 with XMM-Newton and NuSTAR

¹ Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
e-mail: delphine.porquet@lam.fr
² Department of Physics, Institute for Astrophysics and Computational Sciences, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
³ INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate, LC, Italy
⁴ European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain

Received: 17 June 2021
Accepted: 13 July 2021

Abstract

Context. Soft and hard X-ray excesses, compared to the continuum power-law shape between ∼2−10 keV, are common features observed in the spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and are associated with the accretion disc-corona system around the supermassive black hole. However, the dominant process at work is still highly debated and has been proposed to be either relativistic reflection or Comptonisation. Such an investigation can be problematic for AGN that have significant intrinsic absorption, either cold or warm, which can severely distort the observed continuum. Therefore, AGN with no (or very weak) intrinsic absorption along the line-of-sight, called bare AGN, are the best targets for directly probing disc-corona systems.

Aims. We aim to characterise the main X-ray spectral physical components from the bright bare broad-line Seyfert 1 AGN Mrk 110, as well as the physical process(es) at work in its disc-corona system viewed almost face-on.

Methods. We perform the X-ray broadband spectral analysis thanks to two simultaneous XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations performed on November 16−17, 2019, and April 5−6, 2020. We also use a deep NuSTAR observation obtained in January 2017 for the spectral analysis above 3 keV.

Results. The broadband X-ray spectra of Mrk 110 are characterised by the presence of a prominent and absorption-free smooth soft X-ray excess, moderately broad O VII and Fe Kα emission lines, and a lack of a strong Compton hump. The continuum above ∼3 keV is very similar at both epochs, while some variability (stronger when brighter) is present for the soft X-ray excess. A combination of soft and hard Comptonisation by a warm and hot corona, respectively, plus mildly relativistic disc reflection reproduce the broadband X-ray continuum very well. The inferred warm corona temperature, kT_warm ∼ 0.3 keV, is similar to the values found in other sub-Eddington AGN, whereas the hot corona temperature, kT_hot ∼ 21−31 keV (depending mainly on the assumed hot corona geometry), is found to be in the lower range of the values measured in AGN.