Ionization potential depression and ionization balance in dense carbon plasma under solar and stellar interior conditions

¹ College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou Zhejiang, 310023 PR China
e-mail: jlzeng@zjut.edu.cn
² Graduate school of China Academy of engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, PR China
e-mail: jmyuan@gscaep.ac.cn
³ Department of Physics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha Hunan 410073, PR China

Received: 1 September 2020
Accepted: 12 October 2020

Abstract

Recent quantitative experiments on the ionization potential depression (IPD) in dense plasma show that the observational results are difficult to explain with the widely used analytical models for plasma screening. Here, we investigate the effect of plasma screening on the IPD and ionization balance of dense carbon plasma under solar and stellar interior conditions using our developed consistent nonanalytical model. The screening potential can be primarily attributed to the free electrons in the plasma and is determined by the microspace distribution of these free electrons. The ionization balance is determined by solving the Saha equation, including the effect of IPD. The predicted IPD and average ionization degree are larger than those obtained using the Stewart–Pyatt model for mass densities that are greater than 3.0 g cm⁻³. Under solar interior conditions, our results are in better agreement with the Ecker–Kröll model at electron temperatures and densities lower than 250 eV and 2.1 × 10²³ cm⁻³ and in the best agreement with the ion-sphere model at 303 eV and 4.3 × 10²³ cm⁻³. Finally, our results are compared with those obtained via a recent experiment on a CH-mixture plasma that has been compressed six times. The predicted average ionization degree of C in a CH mixture agrees better with the experiment than the Stewart–Pyatt and Thomas–Fermi models when the screening from free electrons contributed by hydrogen atoms is included. Our results provide useful information concerning the ionization balance and can be applied to investigate the opacity and equations of state for dense plasma under the solar and stellar interior conditions.