Issue |
A&A
Volume 634, February 2020
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A137 | |
Number of page(s) | 25 | |
Section | Extragalactic astronomy | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833601 | |
Published online | 25 February 2020 |
Triggering nuclear and galaxy activity in the Bullet cluster⋆
1
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana-Unita’ di Ricerca Scientifica, Via del Politecnico, 00133 Roma, Italy
e-mail: simonetta.puccetti@asi.it
2
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy
3
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
4
Las Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Observatories, Casilla 601, La Serena, Chile
5
Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Postfach 1312, Giessenbachstr., 85741 Garching, Germany
6
OmegaLambdaTec GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 8, 85748 Garching, Germany
7
Department for Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstr. 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria
Received:
8
June
2018
Accepted:
28
November
2019
The analysis of a cluster environment is a valuable instrument to investigate the origin of gas fuelling and trigger mechanisms in active galactic nuclei (AGN) and star-forming galaxies. To this purpose, we present a detailed analysis of the point-like X-ray sources in the Bullet cluster field. Based on ∼600 ks Chandra observations, we produced a catalogue of 381 X-ray point sources up to a distance of ∼1.5 virial radius and with flux limits ∼1 × 10−16 and ∼8 × 10−16 erg cm−2 s−1 in the 0.5–2 keV and 2–10 keV bands, respectively. We find a strong (up to a factor 1.5–2) and significant (≥4σ) over-density in the full region studied 0.3R200 < R < 1.5R200. We identified optical (R band) and infrared (Spitzer IRAC) counterparts for ∼84% and ∼48% of the X-ray sources, respectively. We obtained new spectroscopic redshifts for 106 X-ray sources and collected from the literature additional 13 spectroscopic and 8 photometric redshifts of X-ray sources. Twenty-nine X-ray sources turned out to be cluster members. Spectroscopic and photometric redshifts of optical and infrared sources were also collected, and these sources were used as ancillary samples. We used these multi-wavelength data to characterise the nature of the Bullet cluster X-ray point sources. We find that the over-density in the region 0.3R200 < R < R200 is likely due to X-ray AGN (mostly obscured) and star-forming galaxies associated with the cluster, while in the more external region this over-density is likely to be mostly due to background AGN. The fraction of cluster galaxies hosting an X-ray detected AGN is 1.0 ± 0.4%, which is nearly constant with the radius; this fraction is similar to that reported in other clusters of galaxies at similar redshift. The fraction of X-ray bright AGN (L2 − 10 keV > 1043 ergs s−1) in the region 0.3R200 < R < R200 is 0.5−0.2+0.6%, which is higher than that in other clusters at similar redshift and more similar to the AGN fraction in the field. Finally, the spatial distributions of AGN and star-forming galaxies, which we selected for their infrared emission, appear similar, thus suggesting that both are triggered by the same mechanism.
Key words: galaxies: active / galaxies: clusters: individual: Bullet / X-rays: galaxies
Based on archival Chandra observations (PI: Murray, identification number: 554, 3184; PI: Markevitch 4984, 4985, 4986, 5355, 5356, 5357,5358, 5361) and archival data from the database of the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) on the Spitzer Space Telescope (PI: Gonzales, Programme ID: 40593). Based on observations made with the Wide Field Imager (WFI) on the European Southern Observatory MPG 2.2 m telescope at La Silla, Chile (PI: Fiore, Programme ID: 70.A-0594(A)) and the VIsible MultiObject Spectrograph (VIMOS) mounted at the 8.2 m Very Large Telescope (Cerro Paranal, Chile) (PI: Bongiorno, Programme ID: 090.A-0267).
© ESO 2020
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.