Planck 2015 results

XXVI. The Second Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources

¹ APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
² Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory and Dept of Radio Science and Engineering, PO Box 13000, 00076 Aalto, Finland
³ Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, PO Box 13000, 00076 Aalto, Finland
⁴ African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6−8 Melrose Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town, South Africa
⁵ Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
⁶ Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France
⁷ Astrophysics Group,Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
⁸ Astrophysics & Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, 4000 Durban, South Africa
⁹ Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, ALMA Santiago Central Offices, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 763 0355 Santiago, Chile
¹⁰ CGEE, SCS Qd 9, Lote C, Torre C, 4° andar, Ed. Parque Cidade Corporate, CEP 70308-200 Brasília, DF, Brazil
¹¹ CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
¹² CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
¹³ CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
¹⁴ California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
¹⁵ Centre for Theoretical Cosmology, DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
¹⁶ Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón (CEFCA), Plaza San Juan 1, planta 2, 44001 Teruel, Spain
¹⁷ Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
¹⁸ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
¹⁹ DSM/Irfu/SPP, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
²⁰ DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
²¹ Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 24 Quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
²² Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
²³ Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. Calvo Sotelo s/n, Oviedo, Spain
²⁴ Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. Calvo Sotelo s/n, Oviedo, Spain
²⁵ Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
²⁶ Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
²⁷ Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
²⁸ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letter, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
²⁹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
³⁰ Department of Physics, Florida State University, Keen Physics Building, 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
³¹ Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
³² Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
³³ Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
³⁴ Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, USA
³⁵ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
³⁶ Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
³⁷ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 2, 00131 Roma, Italy
³⁸ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 16, Milano, Italy
³⁹ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
⁴⁰ Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Roma, Italy
⁴¹ Discovery Center, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
⁴² Discovery Center, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
⁴³ European Southern Observatory, ESO Vitacura, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile
⁴⁴ European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
⁴⁵ European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
⁴⁶ Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, 21500 Piikkiö, Finland
⁴⁷ Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L’ Aquila, Italy
⁴⁸ HGSFP and University of Heidelberg, Theoretical Physics Department, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
⁴⁹ Haverford College Astronomy Department, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
⁵⁰ Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
⁵¹ INAF−Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, via S. Sofia 78, Catania, Italy
⁵² INAF−Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁵³ INAF−Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
⁵⁴ INAF−Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G.B. Tiepolo 11, 34127 Trieste, Italy
⁵⁵ INAF/IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40127 Bologna, Italy
⁵⁶ INAF/IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy
⁵⁷ INFN, Sezione di Bologna, via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
⁵⁸ INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, Università di Roma Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
⁵⁹ INFN, Sezione di Roma 2, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Roma, Italy
⁶⁰ INFN/National Institute for Nuclear Physics, via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
⁶¹ IPAG: Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG − CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
⁶² ISDC, Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
⁶³ IUCAA, Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune University Campus, 411 007 Pune, India
⁶⁴ Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
⁶⁵ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
⁶⁶ Institut Néel, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, 25 rue des Martyrs, 91405 Grenoble, France
⁶⁷ Institut Universitaire de France, 103 Bd Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France
⁶⁸ Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
⁶⁹ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁷⁰ Institut für Theoretische Teilchenphysik und Kosmologie, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
⁷¹ Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
⁷² Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
⁷³ Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE), Apartado Postal 51 y 216, 72000 Puebla, Mexico
⁷⁴ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁷⁵ Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain
⁷⁶ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁷⁷ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
⁷⁸ Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
⁷⁹ Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
⁸⁰ Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK
⁸¹ Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia
⁸² LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, 91405 Orsay, France
⁸³ LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75000 Paris, France
⁸⁴ Laboratoire AIM, IRFU/Service d’Astrophysique − CEA/DSM − CNRS − Université Paris Diderot, Bât. 709, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
⁸⁵ Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l’Information, CNRS (UMR 5141) and Télécom ParisTech, 46 rue Barrault, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France
⁸⁶ Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
⁸⁷ Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Sud 11 & CNRS, Bâtiment 210, 91405 Orsay, France
⁸⁸ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
⁸⁹ Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Astro Space Centre, 84/32 Profsoyuznaya st., 117997 Moscow, GSP-7, Russia
⁹⁰ Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
⁹¹ Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstraße, 85748 Garching, Germany
⁹² McGill Physics, Ernest Rutherford Physics Building, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2T8, Canada
⁹³ National University of Ireland, Department of Experimental Physics, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
⁹⁴ Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
⁹⁵ Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
⁹⁶ Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
⁹⁷ Nordita (Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics), Roslagstullsbacken 23, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
⁹⁸ Optical Science Laboratory, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
⁹⁹ SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
¹⁰⁰ SMARTEST Research Centre, Università degli Studi e-Campus, via Isimbardi 10, 22060 Novedrate (CO), Italy
¹⁰¹ School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
¹⁰² School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
¹⁰³ Sorbonne Université-UPMC, UMR7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
¹⁰⁴ Space Research Institute (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str, 84/32, 117997 Moscow, Russia
¹⁰⁵ Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
¹⁰⁶ Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnij Arkhyz, Zelenchukskiy region, 369167 Karachai-Cherkessian Republic, Russia
¹⁰⁷ Sub-Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
¹⁰⁸ The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
¹⁰⁹ Theory Division, PH-TH, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
¹¹⁰ UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR7095, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
¹¹¹ Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
¹¹² Universities Space Research Association, Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, MS 232-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
¹¹³ University of Granada, Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Facultad de Ciencias, Granada, Spain
¹¹⁴ University of Granada, Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, Granada, Spain
¹¹⁵ Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland

^⋆ Corresponding authors: D. L. Harrison, e-mail: dlh@ast.cam.ac.uk; M. López-Caniego, e-mail: mlopez@sciops.esa.int

Received: 8 July 2015
Accepted: 28 January 2016

Abstract

The Second Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources is a list of discrete objects detected in single-frequency maps from the full duration of the Planck mission and supersedes previous versions. It consists of compact sources, both Galactic and extragalactic, detected over the entire sky. Compact sources detected in the lower frequency channels are assigned to the PCCS2, while at higher frequencies they are assigned to one of two subcatalogues, the PCCS2 or PCCS2E, depending on their location on the sky. The first of these (PCCS2) covers most of the sky and allows the user to produce subsamples at higher reliabilities than the target 80% integral reliability of the catalogue. The second (PCCS2E) contains sources detected in sky regions where the diffuse emission makes it difficult to quantify the reliability of the detections. Both the PCCS2 and PCCS2E include polarization measurements, in the form of polarized flux densities, or upper limits, and orientation angles for all seven polarization-sensitive Planck channels. The improved data-processing of the full-mission maps and their reduced noise levels allow us to increase the number of objects in the catalogue, improving its completeness for the target 80% reliability as compared with the previous versions, the PCCS and the Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC).