Issue |
A&A
Volume 644, December 2020
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A99 | |
Number of page(s) | 53 | |
Section | Catalogs and data | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936794 | |
Published online | 14 December 2020 |
Planck intermediate results
LV. Reliability and thermal properties of high-frequency sources in the Second Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources
1
AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
2
APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
3
African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6-8 Melrose Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town, South Africa
4
Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
5
Astrophysics & Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
6
CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
7
CMDLABS, Cambridge Machines Deep Learning and Bayesian Systems Ltd, 22 Wycombe End, Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire HP9 1NB, UK
8
CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
9
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
10
Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
11
Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 24, Quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
12
Département de Physique, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
13
Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
14
Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Federico García Lorca, 18, Oviedo, Spain
15
Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
16
Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC, Canada
17
Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
18
Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
19
Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
20
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
21
Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
22
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 2, Roma, Italy
23
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milano, Italy
24
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, Trieste, Italy
25
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, Roma, Italy
26
European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
27
European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
28
Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, Viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
29
HEP Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
30
Haverford College Astronomy Department, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, PA, USA
31
Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
32
INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
33
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, Padova, Italy
34
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy
35
INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
36
INAF/IASF Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy
37
INFN – CNAF, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
38
INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
39
INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
40
INFN, Sezione di Roma 2, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, Roma, Italy
41
Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
42
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
43
Institute Lorentz, Leiden University, PO Box 9506, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
44
Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
45
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
46
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
47
Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain
48
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
49
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USA
50
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
51
Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
52
Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Univ. Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Brest, France
53
Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53 Rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
54
Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Sud 11 & CNRS, Bâtiment 210, 91405 Orsay, France
55
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
56
Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, 00076 Aalto, Finland
57
Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
58
Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
59
NAOC-UKZN Computational Astrophysics Centre (NUCAC), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
60
National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. L. Pasteura 7, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
61
Purple Mountain Observatory, No. 8 Yuan Hua Road, 210034 Nanjing, PR China
62
SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
63
San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
64
School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
65
School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
66
School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, 2 Daxue Rd, Tangjia, Zhuhai, PR China
67
School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551 Kerala, India
68
Simon Fraser University, Department of Physics, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby BC, Canada
69
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
70
Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, École normale supérieure, CNRS, LERMA, 75005 Paris, France
71
Space Science Data Center – Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
72
Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
73
The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
74
Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
75
Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
Received:
26
September
2019
Accepted:
18
July
2020
We describe an extension of the most recent version of the Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources (PCCS2), produced using a new multi-band Bayesian Extraction and Estimation Package (BeeP). BeeP assumes that the compact sources present in PCCS2 at 857 GHz have a dust-like spectral energy distribution (SED), which leads to emission at both lower and higher frequencies, and adjusts the parameters of the source and its SED to fit the emission observed in Planck’s three highest frequency channels at 353, 545, and 857 GHz, as well as the IRIS map at 3000 GHz. In order to reduce confusion regarding diffuse cirrus emission, BeeP’s data model includes a description of the background emission surrounding each source, and it adjusts the confidence in the source parameter extraction based on the statistical properties of the spatial distribution of the background emission. BeeP produces the following three new sets of parameters for each source: (a) fits to a modified blackbody (MBB) thermal emission model of the source; (b) SED-independent source flux densities at each frequency considered; and (c) fits to an MBB model of the background in which the source is embedded. BeeP also calculates, for each source, a reliability parameter, which takes into account confusion due to the surrounding cirrus. This parameter can be used to extract sub-samples of high-frequency sources with statistically well-understood properties. We define a high-reliability subset (BeeP/base), containing 26 083 sources (54.1% of the total PCCS2 catalogue), the majority of which have no information on reliability in the PCCS2. We describe the characteristics of this specific high-quality subset of PCCS2 and its validation against other data sets, specifically for: the sub-sample of PCCS2 located in low-cirrus areas; the Planck Catalogue of Galactic Cold Clumps; the Herschel GAMA15-field catalogue; and the temperature- and spectral-index-reconstructed dust maps obtained with Planck’s Generalized Needlet Internal Linear Combination method. The results of the BeeP extension of PCCS2, which are made publicly available via the Planck Legacy Archive, will enable the study of the thermal properties of well-defined samples of compact Galactic and extragalactic dusty sources.
Key words: catalogs / cosmology: observations / submillimeter: general
© ESO 2020
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