Issue |
A&A
Volume 594, October 2016
Planck 2015 results
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A4 | |
Number of page(s) | 22 | |
Section | Cosmology (including clusters of galaxies) | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525809 | |
Published online | 20 September 2016 |
Planck 2015 results
IV. Low Frequency Instrument beams and window functions
1 APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
2 Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory and Dept of Radio Science and Engineering, PO Box 13000, 00076 Aalto, Finland
3 African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6-8 Melrose Road, Muizenberg, 7945 Cape Town, South Africa
4 Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
5 Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
6 CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
7 CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
8 CRANN, Trinity College, CA 91125 Dublin, Ireland
9 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 2 California, USA
10 Centre for Theoretical Cosmology, DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
11 Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
12 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28086 Madrid, Spain
13 DSM/Irfu/SPP, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
14 DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
15 Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 24 quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
16 Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
17 Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
18 Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario ON M5S, Canada
19 Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
20 Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia BC V6T 1 ZU, Canada
21 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letter, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
22 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University CollegeLondon, London WC1E 6BT, UK
23 Department of Physics, Florida State University, Keen Physics Building, 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
24 Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
25 Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
26 Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
27 Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, USA
28 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
29 Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
30 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
31 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
32 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
33 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 Roma, Italy
34 Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 Roma, Italy
35 Discovery Center, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
36 European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28691 Madrid, Spain
37 European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
38 Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi e-Campus, via Isimbardi 10, 22060 Novedrate (CO), Italy
39 Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L’ Aquila, Italy
40 HGSFP and University of Heidelberg, Theoretical Physics Department, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
41 Haverford College Astronomy Department, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
42 Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
43 INAF–Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
44 INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
45 INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33, 00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
46 INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G.B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
47 INAF/IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40127 Bologna, Italy
48 INAF/IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
49 INFN, Sezione di Bologna, via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
50 INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, Università di Roma Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
51 INFN, Sezione di Roma 2, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 Roma, Italy
52 INFN/National Institute for Nuclear Physics, via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
53 IUCAA, Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune University Campus, 411 007 Pune, India
54 Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
55 Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
56 Institut Néel, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, 25 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
57 Institut Universitaire de France, 103 bd Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France
58 Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR 8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, 91400 Orsay, France
59 Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR 7095), 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
60 Institut für Theoretische Teilchenphysik und Kosmologie, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
61 Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
62 Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, 1072 Blindern, Oslo, Norway
63 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, La Laguna, 38205 Tenerife, Spain
64 Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
65 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
66 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
67 Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
68 Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
69 Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK
70 Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia
71 LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, 91400 Orsay, France
72 LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 avenue del’Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
73 Laboratoire AIM, IRFU/Service d’Astrophysique – CEA/DSM – CNRS – Université Paris Diderot, Bât. 709, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
74 Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l’Information, CNRS (UMR 5141) and Télécom ParisTech, 46 rue Barrault, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France
75 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
76 Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Sud 11 and CNRS, Bâtiment 210, 91405 Orsay, France
77 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
78 Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Astro Space Centre, 84/32 Profsoyuznaya st., GSP-7, 117997 Moscow, Russia
79 Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
80 McGill Physics, Ernest Rutherford Physics Building, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2T8, Canada
81 National University of Ireland, Department of Experimental Physics, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
82 Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
83 Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
84 SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
85 School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
86 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
87 Sorbonne Université-UPMC, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
88 Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
89 Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnij Arkhyz, Zelenchukskiy region, 369167 Karachai-Cherkessian Republic, Russia
90 Sub-Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
91 Theory Division, PH-TH, CERN, CH-1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
92 UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR 7095, 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
93 Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
94 University of Granada, Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Facultad de Ciencias, 18071 Granada, Spain
95 University of Granada, Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, 18071 Granada, Spain
96 Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
⋆
Corresponding author: M. Sandri, e-mail: sandri@iasfbo.inaf.it
Received: 5 February 2015
Accepted: 4 August 2015
This paper presents the characterization of the in-flight beams, the beam window functions, and the associated uncertainties for the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI). The structure of the paper is similar to that presented in the 2013 Planck release; the main differences concern the beam normalization and the delivery of the window functions to be used for polarization analysis. The in-flight assessment of the LFI main beams relies on measurements performed during observations of Jupiter. By stacking data from seven Jupiter transits, the main beam profiles are measured down to –25 dB at 30 and 44 GHz, and down to –30 dB at 70 GHz. It has been confirmed that the agreement between the simulated beams and the measured beams is better than 1% at each LFI frequency band (within the 20 dB contour from the peak, the rms values are 0.1% at 30 and 70 GHz; 0.2% at 44 GHz). Simulated polarized beams are used for the computation of the effective beam window functions. The error budget for the window functions is estimated from both main beam and sidelobe contributions, and accounts for the radiometer band shapes. The total uncertainties in the effective beam window functions are 0.7% and 1% at 30 and 44 GHz, respectively (at ℓ ≈ 600); and 0.5% at 70 GHz (at ℓ ≈ 1000).
Key words: methods: data analysis / cosmic background radiation / telescopes
© ESO, 2016
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