Issue |
A&A
Volume 588, April 2016
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A134 | |
Number of page(s) | 11 | |
Section | Planets and planetary systems | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527889 | |
Published online | 30 March 2016 |
Three-dimensional direct simulation Monte-Carlo modeling of the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko observed by the VIRTIS and ROSINA instruments on board Rosetta
1 Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
e-mail: fougere@umich.edu
2 Space Research and Planetary Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
3 LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, LESIA/CNRS, UPMC, Université Paris-Diderot, 92195 Meudon, France
4 INAF-IAPS, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
5 Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), 1180 Brussels, Belgium
6 Institute of Computer and Netword Engineering, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
7 Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
8 Department of Space Science, Space Science and Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
Received: 25 November 2015
Accepted: 1 February 2016
Context. Since its rendezvous with comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P), the Rosetta spacecraft has provided invaluable information contributing to our understanding of the cometary environment. On board, the VIRTIS and ROSINA instruments can both measure gas parameters in the rarefied cometary atmosphere, the so-called coma, and provide complementary results with remote sensing and in situ measurement techniques, respectively. The data from both ROSINA and VIRTIS instruments suggest that the source regions of H2O and CO2 are not uniformly distributed over the surface of the nucleus even after accounting for the changing solar illumination of the irregularly shaped rotating nucleus. The source regions of H2O and CO2 are also relatively different from one another.
Aims. The use of a combination of a formal numerical data inversion method with a fully kinetic coma model is a way to correlate and interpret the information provided by these two instruments to fully understand the volatile environment and activity of comet 67P.
Methods. In this work, the nonuniformity of the outgassing activity at the surface of the nucleus is described by spherical harmonics and constrained by ROSINA-DFMS data. This activity distribution is coupled with the local illumination to describe the inner boundary conditions of a 3D direct simulation Monte-Carlo (DSMC) approach using the Adaptive Mesh Particle Simulator (AMPS) code applied to the H2O and CO2 coma of comet 67P.
Results. We obtain activity distribution of H2O and CO2 showing a dominant source of H2O in the Hapi region, while more CO2 is produced in the southern hemisphere. The resulting model outputs are analyzed and compared with VIRTIS-M/-H and ROSINA-DFMS measurements, showing much better agreement between model and data than a simpler model assuming a uniform surface activity. The evolution of the H2O and CO2 production rates with heliocentric distance are derived accurately from the coma model showing agreement between the observations from the different instruments and ground-based observations.
Conclusions. We derive the activity distributions for H2O and CO2 at the surface of the nucleus described in spherical harmonics, which we couple to the local solar illumination to constitute the boundary conditions of our coma model. The model presented reproduces the coma observations made by the ROSINA and VIRTIS instruments on board the Rosetta spacecraft showing our understanding of the physics of 67P’s coma. This model can be used for further data analyses, such as dust modeling, in a future work.
Key words: comets: general / comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko / methods: numerical / methods: data analysis / space vehicles: instruments
© ESO, 2016
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.