Issue |
A&A
Volume 566, June 2014
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A29 | |
Number of page(s) | 12 | |
Section | Interstellar and circumstellar matter | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201423727 | |
Published online | 04 June 2014 |
Ubiquitous argonium (ArH+) in the diffuse interstellar medium: A molecular tracer of almost purely atomic gas
1
I. Physikalisches Institut der Universität zu Köln,
Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937
Köln, Germany
e-mail:
schilke@ph1.uni-koeln.de
2
The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
21218,
USA
3
Department of Astronomy, The University of Michigan,
500 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI
48109-1042,
USA
4
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
91125,
USA
5
Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6,
CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, UMR 8112 LERMA, Paris, France
6
LERMA, CNRS UMR 8112, Observatoire de Paris & École
Normale Supérieure, 24 rue
Lhomond, 75005
Paris,
France
7
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of
Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92
Onsala,
Sweden
8
Astronomy Department, University of Maryland,
College Park, MD
20742,
USA
9
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, Pasadena,
CA
91109,
USA
10
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie,
Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121
Bonn,
Germany
Received:
28
February
2014
Accepted:
29
March
2014
Aims. We describe the assignment of a previously unidentified interstellar absorption line to ArH+ and discuss its relevance in the context of hydride absorption in diffuse gas with a low H2 fraction. The confidence of the assignment to ArH+ is discussed, and the column densities are determined toward several lines of sight. The results are then discussed in the framework of chemical models, with the aim of explaining the observed column densities.
Methods. We fitted the spectral lines with multiple velocity components, and determined column densities from the line-to-continuum ratio. The column densities of ArH+ were compared to those of other species, tracing interstellar medium (ISM) components with different H2 abundances. We constructed chemical models that take UV radiation and cosmic ray ionization into account.
Results. Thanks to the detection of two isotopologues, 36ArH+ and 38ArH+, we are confident about the carrier assignment to ArH+. NeH+ is not detected with a limit of [NeH+]/[ArH+] ≤ 0.1. The derived column densities agree well with the predictions of chemical models. ArH+ is a unique tracer of gas with a fractional H2 abundance of 10-4 − 10-3 and shows little correlation to H2O+, which traces gas with a fractional H2 abundance of ≈0.1.
Conclusions. A careful analysis of variations in the ArH+, OH+, H2O+, and HF column densities promises to be a faithful tracer of the distribution of the H2 fractional abundance by providing unique information on a poorly known phase in the cycle of interstellar matter and on its transition from atomic diffuse gas to dense molecular gas traced by CO emission. Abundances of these species put strong observational constraints upon magnetohydrodynamical (MHD)simulations of the interstellar medium, and potentially could evolve into a tool characterizing the ISM. Paradoxically, the ArH+ molecule is a better tracer of almost purely atomic hydrogen gas than Hi itself, since Hi can also be present in gas with a significant molecular content, but ArH+ singles out gas that is >99.9% atomic.
Key words: astrochemistry / line: identification / molecular processes / ISM: abundances / ISM: molecules / ISM: structure
© ESO, 2014
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