Comparison of the modeled regolith temperatures (black lines) and the Diviner regolith temperatures as a function of latitude for highlands. The lower panels show the resulting RMSD between the model and the measurement as a function of latitude ((c), (d) calculated in steps of 5° latitude; otherwise in steps of 1°). (a) Assuming constant regolith properties as derived for the lunar equator; (b) applying a variation in the solar-incidence-dependent albedo; (c) poleward decrease in the deep layer bulk density, and (d) poleward increase in the transition width. If not stated otherwise, the solar-incidence-dependent albedo after Feng et al. (2020) has been applied.