Evolution of the observables’ (RA, Dec, and RV in the first, middle, and bottom row, respectively) absolute difference between GR and i) full MOG (solid blue lines), ii) fifth force (solid red lines), and iii) space-time (dashed yellow lines) contribution for different values of α. We fixed α as α = 6.62 · 10⁻³ in the left column, α = 6.62 · 10⁻² in the middle one and α = 6.62 10⁻¹ in the right column. An explanation of the labels can be found in Table 1. The horizontal dashed lines correspond to the 1σ (black) and 3σ ·(grey) accuracy of the instruments. For the spatial observables (RA and Dec), these are 50 µas and 150 µas, respectively, and for the radial velocity (RV), they were fixed to 10 km/s and 30 km/s.