Open Access

Table A.1

Glossary of mathematical symbols used in this paper.

Description Symbol
Times-of-arrival t
Timing model parameters ρ
Pre-fit timing model parameters ρ0
Pre-fit rotational phases according to initial model φ0
Timing parameter offsets relative to initial model θ
Design matrix, Mij = ∂φ(ti, ρ)/∂ρj |ρ=ρ0 M
Rotational phases according to parameter offsets φ = φ0 - Mθ φ
Placeholder for all necessary data D
Data covariance matrix C
Timing parameter likelihood covariance matrix Σ
Maximum likelihood timing parameters θ
Hyperparameters λ
Timing parameter prior covariance matrix Λ
Timing parameter prior mean θ0
Timing parameter posterior covariance matrix Γ
Timing parameter posterior mean θ̄
Number of Gaussian components in pulse profile K
Pulse profile template parameters τ
Amplitude of k-th Gaussian template component Ak
Mean phase of k-th Gaussian template component μk
Width of k-th Gaussian template component σk
Additional integer rotation (phase wrap)
Latent variables assigning photons to template components z
Latent variables assigning photons to rotations m
Means of per-photon Gaussian likelihood after latent variable assignments ν
Variances of per-photon Gaussian likelihood after latent variable assignments ω
Covariance matrix with ω along diagonal Ω
Orbital phase Φorb
Orbital frequency forb
Time of ascending node Tasc
Sine/cosine coefficients of Fourier series expansion of orbital phase variations s, c
Power spectral density (PSD) of noise model S
Amplitude of noise model at reference frequency of 1 yr−1 A
Corner frequency of smoothly broken power-law PSD model fc
High-frequency spectral index of smoothly broken power-law PSD model γ

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