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Home All issues Volume 709 (May 2026) A&A, 709 (2026) A73 Full HTML
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Table B.1

Median values and 68% confidence intervals of the posterior distributions of the joint fit.

Parameter Prior Posterior
Common transit parameters
r1 ................. U(0,1) 0.438−0.052+0.051Mathematical equation: $0.438^{+0.051} _{-0.052}$
Scaled planetary radius, Rp/R* = r2................. U(0, 1) 0.0355−0.0008+0.0008Mathematical equation: $0.0355^{+0.0008} _{-0.0008}$
Eccentricity, e................. Fixed 0.0
Argument of periastron, ω (deg)................. Fixed 90.0
Stellar density, ρ* (g/cm3)................. N(15.630, 1.513) 16.059−0.661+0.700Mathematical equation: $16.059^{+0.700} _{-0.661}$
Orbital period, P (days)................. N(0.3011, 0.001) 0.30110023±0.00000012
Transit epoch, tc (BJD)................. N(2459361.8822, 0.1) 2459361.88588±0.00022
TESS transit parameters
q1,TESS-S12................. U(0, 1) 0.536−0.219+0.222Mathematical equation: $0.536^{+0.222} _{-0.219}$
q2,TESS-S12................. U(0, 1) 0.625−0.258+0.231Mathematical equation: $0.625^{+0.231}_{-0.258}$
Dilution factor, DTESS-S12................. U(0.5, 1) 0.861−0.077+0.076Mathematical equation: $0.861^{+0.076}_{-0.077}$
Offset relative flux, MTESS-S12................. N(0,0.1) −0.0012±0.0003
Jitter, σw, TESS-S12 (ppm)................. L(10−5,1000) 3.323−3.257+55.673Mathematical equation: $3.323^{+55.673}_{-3.257}$
GP amplitude, αTESS-S12 (m/s)................. L(10−5, 1) 0.0081−0.0018+0.0069Mathematical equation: $0.0081^{+0.0069}_{-0.0018}$
GP length scale, βTESS-S12 (days)................. U(1, 30) 1.205−0.163+0.795Mathematical equation: $1.205^{+0.795}_{-0.163}$
q1,TESS-S39................. U(0, 1) 0.569−0.207+0.207Mathematical equation: $0.569^{+0.207}_{-0.207}$
q2,TESS-S39................. U(0, 1) 0.608−0.275+0.239Mathematical equation: $0.608^{+0.239}_{-0.275}$
Dilution factor, DTESS-S39................. U(0.5, 1) 0.867−0.075+0.069Mathematical equation: $0.867^{+0.069}_{-0.075}$
Offset relative flux, MTESS-S39................. N(0,0.1) −0.00031±0.0025
Jitter, σw, TESS-S39 (ppm)................. L(10−5,1000) 0.638−0.633+25.210Mathematical equation: $0.638^{+25.210}_{-0.633}$
GP amplitude, αTESS-S39 (m/s)................. L(10−5, 1) 0.0015−0.0009+0.0031Mathematical equation: $0.0015^{+0.0031}_{-0.0009}$
GP length scale, βTESS-S39 (days)................. U(1, 30) 5.359−3.875+7.691Mathematical equation: $5.359^{+7.691}_{-3.875}$
q1,TESS-S66................. U(0, 1) 0.496−0.249+0.251Mathematical equation: $0.496^{+0.251}_{-0.249}$
q2,TESS-S66................. U(0, 1) 0.398−0.228+0.269Mathematical equation: $0.398^{+0.269}_{-0.228}$
Dilution factor, DTESS-S66................. U(0.5, 1) 0.839−0.078+0.079Mathematical equation: $0.839^{+0.079}_{-0.078}$
Offset relative flux, MTESS-66................. N(0,0.1) −0.0015±0.0014
Jitter, σw, TESS-S66 (ppm)................. L(0.1,100000) 0.157−0.156+212.789Mathematical equation: $0.157^{+212.789}_{-0.156}$
GP amplitude, αTESS-S66 (m/s)................. L(10−5, 1) 0.0043−0.0005+0.0007Mathematical equation: $0.0043^{+0.0007}_{-0.0005}$
GP length scale, βTESS-S66 (days)................. U(1, 30) 1.089−0.065+0.115Mathematical equation: $1.089^{+0.115}_{-0.065}$
ExTrA transit parameters
q1,ExTrA-T1................. U(0, 1) 0.299−0.190+0.272Mathematical equation: $0.299^{+0.272}_{-0.190}$
q2,ExTrA-T1................. U(0, 1) 0.496−0.281+0.270Mathematical equation: $0.496^{+0.270}_{-0.281}$
Dilution factor, DExTrA-T1................. Fixed 1.0
Offset relative flux, MExTrA-T1................. N(0,0.1) −0.00001±0.00006
Jitter, σw, ExTrA-T1 (ppm)................. L(10−5,1000) 0.618−0.609+17.711Mathematical equation: $0.618^{+17.711}_{-0.609}$
q1,ExTrA-T2................. U(0, 1) 0.457−0.293+0.286Mathematical equation: $0.457^{+0.286}_{-0.293}$
q2,ExTrA-T2................. U(0, 1) 0.250−0.179+0.295Mathematical equation: $0.250^{+0.295}_{-0.179}$
Dilution factor, DExTrA-T2................. Fixed 1.0
Offset relative flux, MExTrA-T2................. N(0,0.1) 0.00000±0.00004
Jitter, σw, ExTrA-T2 (ppm)................. L(10−5,1000) 0.051−0.050+2.992Mathematical equation: $0.051^{+2.992}_{-0.050}$
q1,ExTrA-T3................. U(0, 1) 0.421−0.268+0.308Mathematical equation: $0.421^{+0.308}_{-0.268}$
q2,ExTrA-T3................. U(0, 1) 0.300−0.195+0.252Mathematical equation: $0.300^{+0.252}_{-0.195}$
Dilution factor, DExTrA-T3................. Fixed 1.0
Offset relative flux, MExTrA-T3................. N(0,0.1) −0.00005±0.00003
Jitter, σw, ExTrA-T3 (ppm)................. L(10−5,1000) 0.001−0.001+0.045Mathematical equation: $0.001^{+0.045}_{-0.001}$
LCO transit parameters
q1,LCO-CTIO................. U(0, 1) 0.526−0.255+0.251Mathematical equation: $0.526^{+0.251}_{-0.255}$
q2,LCO-CTIO................. U(0, 1) 0.411−0.241+0.259Mathematical equation: $0.411^{+0.259}_{-0.241}$
Dilution factor, DLCO-CTIO................. U(0.5, 1) 0.749−0.076+0.078Mathematical equation: $0.749^{+0.078}_{-0.076}$
Offset relative flux, MLCO-CTIO................. N(0,0.1) 0.00001±0.00005
Jitter, σw, LCO-CTIO (ppm)................. L(10−5,1000) 0.116−0.115+14.791Mathematical equation: $0.116^{+14.791}_{-0.115}$
q1,LCO-SAAO................. U(0, 1) 0.489−0.242+0.248Mathematical equation: $0.489^{+0.248}_{-0.242}$
q2,LCO-SAAO................. U(0, 1) 0.555−0.248+0.229Mathematical equation: $0.555^{+0.229}_{-0.248}$
Dilution factor, DLCO-SAAO................. U(0.5, 1) 0.775−0.118+0.117Mathematical equation: $0.775^{+0.117}_{-0.118}$
Offset relative flux, MLCO-SAAO................. N(0,0.1) 0.00003±0.00010
Jitter, σw, LCO-SAAO (ppm)................. L(10−5,1000) 0.137−0.136+15.483Mathematical equation: $0.137^{+15.483}_{-0.136}$
SPECULOOS transit parameters
q1,SPECULOOS-Eg′................. U(0, 1) 0.626−0.265+0.223Mathematical equation: $0.626^{+0.223}_{-0.265}$
q2,SPECULOOS-Eg′................. U(0, 1) 0.561−0.298+0.266Mathematical equation: $0.561^{+0.266}_{-0.298}$
Dilution factor, DSPECULOOS-Eg′................. U(0.5, 1) 0.702−0.110+0.112Mathematical equation: $0.702^{+0.112}_{-0.110}$
Offset relative flux, MSPECULOOS-Eg′................. N(0,0.1) 0.00017±0.00025
Jitter, σw, SPECULOOS-Eg′ (ppm)................. L(10−5,1000) 0.005−0.005+0.623Mathematical equation: $0.005^{+0.623}_{-0.005}$
q1,SPECULOOS-Er′................. U(0, 1) 0.682−0.268+0.206Mathematical equation: $0.682^{+0.206}_{-0.268}$
q2,SPECULOOS-Er′................. U(0, 1) 0.497−0.251+0.253Mathematical equation: $0.497^{+0.253}_{-0.251}$
Dilution factor, DSPECULOOS-Er′................. U(0.5, 1) 0.896−0.080+0.065Mathematical equation: $0.896^{+0.065}_{-0.080}$
Offset relative flux, MSPECULOOS-Er′................. N(0,0.1) 0.00008±0.00005
Jitter, σw, SPECULOOS-Er′ (ppm)................. L(10−5,1000) 0.055−0.054+9.581Mathematical equation: $0.055^{+9.581}_{-0.054}$
q1,SPECULOOS-Gr′................. U(0, 1) 0.480−0.273+0.281Mathematical equation: $0.480^{+0.281}_{-0.273}$
q2,SPECULOOS-Gr′................. U(0, 1) 0.438−0.274+0.278Mathematical equation: $0.438^{+0.278}_{-0.274}$
Dilution factor, DSPECULOOS-Gr′................. U(0.5, 1) 0.667−0.107+0.143Mathematical equation: $0.667^{+0.143}_{-0.107}$
Offset relative flux, MSPECULOOS-Gr′................. N(0,0.1) 0.00023±0.00019
Jitter, σw, SPECULOOS-Gr′ (ppm)................. L(10−5,1000) 0.095−0.095+17.365Mathematical equation: $0.095^{+17.365}_{-0.095}$
q1,SPECULOOS-Ig′................. U(0, 1) 0.416−0.243+0.268Mathematical equation: $0.416^{+0.268}_{-0.243}$
q2,SPECULOOS-Ig′................. U(0, 1) 0.428−0.262+0.281Mathematical equation: $0.428^{+0.281}_{-0.262}$
Dilution factor, DSPECULOOS-Ig′................. U(0.5, 1) 0.813−0.142+0.117Mathematical equation: $0.813^{+0.117}_{-0.142}$
Offset relative flux, MSPECULOOS-Ig′................. N(0,0.1) −0.00005±0.00012
Jitter, σw, SPECULOOS-Ig′ (ppm)................. L(10−5,1000) 0.057−0.056+5.620Mathematical equation: $0.057^{+5.620}_{-0.056}$
q1,SPECULOOS-Ir′................. U(0, 1) 0.594−0.245+0.227Mathematical equation: $0.594^{+0.227}_{-0.245}$
q2,SPECULOOS-Ir′................. U(0, 1) 0.545−0.254+0.243Mathematical equation: $0.545^{+0.243}_{-0.254}$
Dilution factor, DSPECULOOS-Ir′................. U(0.5, 1) 0.839−0.115+0.102Mathematical equation: $0.839^{+0.102}_{-0.115}$
Offset relative flux, MSPECULOOS-Ir′................. N(0,0.1) 0.00009±0.00009
Jitter, σw, SPECULOOS-Ir′ (ppm)................. L(10−5,1000) 0.563−0.558+36.628Mathematical equation: $0.563^{+36.628}_{-0.558}$
q1,SPECULOOS-Iz′................. U(0, 1) 0.587−0.270+0.239Mathematical equation: $0.587^{+0.239}_{-0.270}$
q2,SPECULOOS-Iz′................. U(0, 1) 0.520−0.263+0.246Mathematical equation: $0.520^{+0.246}_{-0.263}$
Dilution factor, DSPECULOOS-Iz′................. U(0.5, 1) 0.745−0.129+0.132Mathematical equation: $0.745^{+0.132}_{-0.129}$
Offset relative flux, MSPECULOOS-Iz′................. N(0,0.1) 0.00011±0.00023
Jitter, σw, SPECULOOS-Iz′ (ppm)................. L(10−5,1000) 0.319−0.0317+6.179Mathematical equation: $0.319^{+6.179}_{-0.0317}$
NIRPS and HARPS RV parameters
RV semi-amplitude, Kp (m/s) ................. U(0, 10) 4.324−1.080+1.036Mathematical equation: $4.324^{+1.036}_{-1.080}$
Relative systemic RV offset, μNIRPS (m/s) ................. U(0,100) 1.672−1.163+1.712Mathematical equation: $1.672^{+1.712}_{-1.163}$
Jitter, σw,NIRPS (m/s) ................. U(0,10) 1.317−0.975+1.256Mathematical equation: $1.317^{+1.256}_{-0.975}$
GP amplitude, αNIRPS (m/s) ................. U(0,10) 3.568−0.728+0.529Mathematical equation: $3.568^{+0.529}_{-0.728}$
GP length scale, βNIRPS (m/s) ................. U(1,200) 89.935−44.931+61.742Mathematical equation: $89.935^{+61.742}_{-44.931}$
Relative systemic RV offset, μHARPS (m/s) ................. U(0,100) 3.337−1.921+2.793Mathematical equation: $3.337^{+2.793}_{-1.921}$
Jitter, σw,HARPS (m/s) ................. U(0,100) 27.146−3.523+4.226Mathematical equation: $27.146^{+4.226}_{-3.523}$

Notes. N(μ, σ) indicates a normal distribution with mean μ and variance σ2, U(a, b) a uniform distribution between a and b and L(a, b) a loguniform distribution between a and b. The TESS sectors 12 (TESS-S12), 39 (TESS-S39) and 66 (TESS-S66) were modelled separate from each other. ExTrA-T1, ExTrA-T2, ExTrA-T3 refer to the three ExTrA telescopes. LCO-CTIO and LCO-SAAO are the two telescope part of the LCO network. SPECULOOS-south observed TOI-4552 using three of the four telescopes: Europa (SPECULOOS-E), Ganymede (SPECULOOS-G) and Io (SPECULOOS-I), with g′, r′ and z′ referring to the various Sloan photometric filters. NIRPS and HARPS are the high-resolution spectrographs used for the velocimetry. The systemic RV offset for NIRPS is −25490.828 m/s and for HARPS is −25247.139 m/s. μNIRPS and μHARPS are relative to these values.

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