Panel (a): β distributions of the PDFs of |E| and log|E|² (see legend) for waveforms provided by the RPW-TDS receiver on board Solar Orbiter, with the sampling rate 262 kHz (on January 17, 2023). Contour boundaries of β distributions obtained using waveforms provided by a simulation with ΔN = 0.025 and Ω = 0.01 are superimposed; black and cyan contours correspond to the β distributions of the PDFs of log|E|² and |E|, respectively. Panel (b): Example of PDFs measured by Solar Orbiter (green dots) and calculated by the simulation with ΔN = 0.025 and Ω = 0.01 (red lines) at positions in the Pearson diagram indicated by a black dot (log|E|²) and a black star (|E|), respectively (see legend).