PRODIGE – envelope to disk with NOEMA - V. Low 12C/13C ratios for CH3OH and CH3CN in hot corinos

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Table A.9

References for the ¹²C/¹³C isotopologue ratios used in Figs. 1 and 5.

Source	Species	¹²C/¹³C	Instrument	References
CB23	HCN	36±10	IRAM 30m	Jensen et al. (2024)
TMC2	HCN	63 ± 15	IRAM 30m	Jensen et al. (2024)
L1512	HCN	20 ± 7	IRAM 30m	Jensen et al. (2024)
L1495	HCN	25 ± 10	IRAM 30m	Jensen et al. (2024)
L1517B	HCN	26 ± 8	IRAM 30m	Jensen et al. (2024)
Barnard 1	HCN	30 $_{- 4}^{+ 7}$ $^{+7}_{-4}$
	HNC	20 $_{- 4}^{+ 5}$ $^{+5}_{-4}$	IRAM 30m	Daniel et al. (2013)
	CN	50 $_{- 11}^{+ 19}$ $^{+19}_{-11}$
L1498	HCN	45 ± 3	IRAM 30m	Magalhães et al. (2018)
L483	CO	42 ± 13
	HCN	34±10		Agúndez et al. (2019)
	HNC	29 ± 9	IRAM 30m	Agúndez et al. (2019)
	HC₃N^a	~91 $_{- 2}^{+ 12}$ $^{+12}_{-2}$
L1527	CO	70 ± 20	NRO 45 m	Yoshida et al. (2019)
L1527	CN	61 ± 17	NRO 45 m	Yoshida et al. (2019)
IRAS16293A	CH₃OH	65 ± 27
	CH₃OCHO	75 ± 32
	CH₃OCH₃	86±18	ALMA	Manigand et al. (2020)
	H₂CO	93 ± 39
	t-HCOOH	39±7
	CH₃CN^b	~74 $_{- 21}^{+ 25}$ $^{+25}_{-21}$	ALMA	Calcutt et al. (2018)
IRAS19293B	C₂H₅OH	> 25
	CH₃OCHO	> 41
	CH₃OCH₃	34		Jørgensen et al. (2018)
	CH₃CHO	67	ALMA	Jørgensen et al. (2018)
	CH₂CO	68^c
	t-HCOOH	68^c
	CH₂OHCHO	27	ALMA	Jørgensen et al. (2016)
	CH₃CN^b	~74 $_{- 24}^{+ 26}$ $^{+26}_{-24}$	ALMA	Calcutt et al. (2018)
TW Hya^d	CO	40 $_{- 6}^{+ 9}$ $^{+9}_{-6}$	ALMA	Zhang et al. (2017)
		21 ± 5 > 84	ALMA	Yoshida et al. (2022)
	HCN	86±4	ALMA	Hily-Blant et al. (2019)
	CN	70 $_{- 6}^{+ 8}$ $^{+8}_{-6}$	ALMA	Yoshida et al. (2024)
PDS 70	HCN (50 au)	48 $_{- 17}^{+ 25}$ $^{+25}_{-17}$
	HCN (75 au)	64 $_{- 19}^{+ 31}$ $^{+31}_{-19}$	ALMA	Rampinelli et al. (2025)^f
	HCN (100 au)	109 $_{- 54}^{+ 100}$ $^{+100}_{-54}$
V883 Ori^*	CH₃OCHO	23 ± 3
	CH₃OCH₃	25 $_{- 6}^{+ 10}$ $^{+10}_{-6}$	ALMA	Yamato et al. (2024)
	CH₃CHO	29 $_{- 8}^{+ 16}$ $^{+16}_{-8}$
	CH₃OH	−24
	c-C₂H₄O	−10	ALMA	Jeong et al. (2025)^e
	CH₃CN	−16
DM TAU	CO	20 ± 3	PdBI	Piétu et al. (2007)
LkCa 15	CO	11±2	PdBI	Piétu et al. (2007)
MWC 480	CO	8±2	PdBI	Piétu et al. (2007)
TYC 8998b	CO	31 $_{- 10}^{+ 17}$ $^{+17}_{-10}$	VLT/CRIRES+	Zhang et al. (2021)
WASP-77Ab	CO	26 ± 16	GS Observatory	Line et al. (2021)
VHS 1256b	CO	62 ± 2	JWST	Gandhi et al. (2023)

Notes. ^(a,b)Median (a) and mean (b) value of the ratios derived from all ¹³C isotopologues of the respective molecule. The error bars indicate the range of possible values including uncertainties. ^(c)The value is not directly measured but estimated from the analysis. ^(d) The ratios were derived at different distances from the protostar in the disk (see also Bergin et al. 2024). ^(e)Estimated ratios read off their Fig. 11. The value for CH₃CN is assumed for both ¹³C isotopologues.^(f) Estimated ratios and uncertainties read off their Fig. 7. Ratios were derived at different radii in the disk (50, 75, 100 au). (*)A classification of V883 Ori is difficult as it undergoes an outburst. It is likely in a stage between Class I and II (Jeong et al. 2025).

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