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Fig. 6.

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Cumulative soft X-ray and Lyman-Werner background intensities from PBHs accreting within halos under different model assumptions. Each column corresponds to a specific PBH mass (MPBH = 1 M, 10 M, 33 M, and 100 M) and the fPBH value derived from the baseline model where the observational (nsCXB) or theoretical (JLW ∼ 1) thresholds are exceeded. The top row shows the soft X-ray background intensity (J0.5 − 2 keV), while the bottom row displays the LW background intensity (JLW). The coloured lines represent different model variations: baseline model (blue), Ziparo+2022 velocity (green), standard ADAF without subregimes (yellow), CDM power spectrum (red), and isothermal PBH distribution (purple). Dashed and dashed-dotted lines correspond to results using the simple isothermal and Makino+1998 density profiles, respectively. The grey shaded region in the top row indicates the observed excess X-ray background from Cappelluti et al. (2017), and the dashed grey line in the bottom row marks the critical JLW ∼ 1, where molecular hydrogen dissociation balances its formation.

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