Distribution of stellar mass as a function of redshift. The boundaries of mass completeness in different fixed redshift bins (Δz = 0.25) are shown in green. The solid black line represents the best fitting of boundaries by the parameterized function M_min(z) = 1.28ln(z)+9.78. The mass threshold (M_* = 10¹⁰ M_⊙) adopted in this work is present in the dashed back line, which could ensure a ≥95% completeness up to z ∼ 1.2. The background gray dots represent the parent sample selected from the COSMOS2020 catalog (see Sect. 2.1).