Polar motion of Venus | Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)

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Table 1

Composite angles involved in the forcing of Venus’s polar motion and associated Love numbers.

Angle	Frequency	Period (days)	Tidal coefficient	$\| k_{2}^{(j)} \|$ $\lvert k_2^{(j)} \rvert$	δ_j(°)
$θ_{1} = - ϕ - γ - α$ $\theta_1 = -\phi - \gamma - \alpha$	−Ω	243.0	$k_{2}^{(1)}$ $k_2^{(1)}$	0.303	−1.9
$θ_{2} = 2 (M - ψ) - ϕ - γ - α$ $\theta_2 = 2(M - \psi) - \phi - \gamma - \alpha$	2n-Ω	76.8	$k_{2}^{(2)}$ $k_2^{(2)}$	0.298	−1.4
$θ_{3} = 2 (M - ψ - ϕ - γ) - α$ $\theta_3 = 2(M - \psi - \phi - \gamma) - \alpha$	2(n-Ω)	58.4	$k_{2}^{(3)}$ $k_2^{(3)}$	0.296	−1.3
-α	$σ_{c w}$ $\sigma_\mathrm{cw}$	≈ −6 × 10⁶	$k_{2}^{(c w)}$ $k_2^{(\mathrm{cw})}$	[0.48; 0.93]	[0.18; 24]

Notes. The fast angles are M and φ. Indicative values of k₂ and phase lags δ (Y. Musseau, priv. comm. 2024) are also listed.

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