SHAP feature importance values for the CST predictor. Top: Beeswarm plot where each cluster in the validation dataset is shown as a dot. Each row corresponds to the impact of a different input parameter. The colour coding corresponds to whether it was a high or low value of the parameter. The x axis shows the final impact on the output of the model, which is how much the CST is changed for that given cluster and that given parameter value. For example: for cluster mass, low mass values (blue) correspond to a much lower SHAP/CST, whereas high mass values (red) correspond to a much higher SHAP/CST. On the other hand, most age values have minimal impact on CST, although high ages significantly reduce it. Bottom: SHAP value at a given pmdec as a function of pmdec and shown for all clusters in the validation dataset. Colour coding shows the Galactic longitude, l.