Sunspot cycles for the first millennium BC reconstructed from radiocarbon

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Table 1.

Reconstructed solar activity cycles¹.

No.	Y_min	Y_max	⟨SN⟩	T	q	Comment	No.	Y_min	Y_max	⟨SN⟩	T	q	Comment
1	−991	−985	45±13	10	2		48	−490	−486	68±21	6	1
2	−981	−976	74±18	9	2		49	−484	−479	88±18	10	2
3	−972	−964	120±17	14	2		50	−474	−468	168±25	10	4
4	−958	−951	176±25	9	0	distorted	51	−464	−459	135±21	10	4	1 yr gap
5	−949	−947	133±19	11	0	distorted	52	−454	−449	107±18	10	5
6	−938	−932	133±19	11	3		53	−444	−439	125±18	10	4
7	−927	−922	126±18	13	3		54	−434	−430	86±16	9	3
8	−914	−908	48±13	11	4		55	−425	−419	126±16	12	3
9	−903	−899	2±9	8	0		56	−413	−410	23±10	10	2
10	−895	−890	39±12	9	2		57	−403	−397	10±8	12	1	grand minimum
11	−886	−881	72±14	11	3		58	−391	−385	23±10	12	1	grand minimum
12	−875	−869	96±19	8	1		59	−379	−370	11±7	15	0	grand minimum
13	−867	−863	127±19	10	2		60	−364	−361	−2±8	7	0	grand minimum
14	−857	−852	93±18	10	3		61	−357	−353	11±8	9	1	grand minimum
15	−847	−843	81±19	9	3		62	−348	−344	8±9	9	0	grand minimum
16	−838	−834	47±13	11	2		63	−339	−335	8±9	8	0	grand minimum
17	−827	−822	41±13	10	3		64	−331	−319	80±11	17	1	distorted
18	−817	−813	24±11	10	2		65	−314	−308	92±15	11	2
19	−807	−802	11±10	10	1	grand minimum	66	−303	−301	63±16	8	0
20	−797	−793	1±9	9	0	grand minimum	67	−295	−289	74±14	11	4
21	−788	−783	21±10	10	1	grand minimum	68	−284	−278	100±16	11	5
22	−778	−773	1±9	9	0	grand minimum	69	−273	−268	90±15	10	4
23	−769	−764	16±11	10	1	grand min, 1 yr gap	70	−263	−258	107±15	11	4
24	−759	−754	5±7	10	0	grand minimum	71	−252	−247	59±13	11	5
25	−749	−743	8±6	16	0	grand minimum	72	−241	−235	82±15	11	5
26	−733	−729	13±9	8	1	grand minimum	73	−230	−224	122±14	12	3
27	−725	−721	14±9	9	1	grand minimum	74	−218	−213	111±15	8	1	distorted
28	−716	−710	42±12	12	4		75	−210	−206	98±14	11	2
29	−704	−698	42±14	9	2		76	−199	−193	40±9	11	5
30	−695	−690	91±18	12	3		77	−188	−182	73±12	12	5
31	−683	−677	84±18	12	3		78	−176	−169	49±10	12	1
32	−671	−664	72±15	14	2	ESPE ²	79	−164	−162	29±10	7	1	distorted
33	−657	−651	89±17	13	4		80	−157	−151	56±9	12	4
34	−644	−637	95±18	13	4		81	−145	−141	9±9	8	0
35	−631	−626	91±24	10	5		82	−137	−131	86±14	10	3
36	−621	−616	96±26	9	3	3 yrs gap	83	−127	−122	90±15	10	3
37	−612	−607	120±23	12	3		84	−117	−111	114±16	11	4
38	−600	−595	99±23	10	5		85	−106	−101	105±15	11	4
39	−590	−585	82±21	10	5		86	−95	−89	80±14	11	3
40	−580	−575	65±17	10	4		87	−84	−80	86±15	9	2
41	−570	−565	100±20	9	3		88	−75	−69	98±14	11	3
42	−561	−556	103±16	15	1	distorted	89	−64	−58	59±10	14	3
43	−546	−542	42±14	10	1	distorted	90	−50	−44	21±8	12	2
44	−536	−529	69±14	12	2		91	−38	−32	27±12	9	2
45	−524	−521	50±13	9	2		92	−29	−24	101±19	8	2
46	−515	−510	85±17	11	3		93	−21	−16	160±20	11	3
47	−504	−496	86±14	14	1		94	−10	xxx	xxx±xxx		0

Notes. The columns include the years (in -BC) of the cycle minimum Y_min and maximum Y_max, the cycle-averaged SN ⟨SN⟩ with the 1σ confidence interval, the cycle length T in years, the quality flag q, and related comments.

⁽¹⁾

This table is available in digital form at CDS.

⁽²⁾

The ESPE of 664 BC was removed (Sect. 3.2).

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