Same as Fig. 9, except with the star-galaxy separator applied in the image-level (chain A). The detectability ranges from 0% (dark blue) to 100% (bright yellow) similar as shown in Fig. 9. The 50% detectability limits fitted by polynomials (n = 3) are shown in bright blue dashed lines. The detectability limits of image-level and catalogue-level simulations are plotted in red and yellow dashed lines. The satellites found within in KiDS footprint are overplotted in the detection efficiency map.