Distortion of the CMB spectrum by the first molecules of the Dark Ages

Open Access

Fig. 1.

Abundances of atoms, molecules, and ions across redshifts. Panels show relative abundances of key species for H₂ (top left), HD (top right), and HeH⁺ (bottom left) in units of the density of hydrogen, deuterium, and helium nuclei, respectively. The bottom right panel displays the abundances of the first molecules in hydrogen nucleus number density across redshifts.

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