Euclid: Early Release Observations – Deep anatomy of nearby galaxies

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Volume 697 (May 2025)

A&A, 697 (2025) A9

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Table A.1

Sky levels and SB limiting magnitudes μlim within 100 arcsec² areas in empty sky regions

Property	Holmberg II	IC 10	IC 342	NGC 2403	NGC 6744	NGC 6822
μI_E sky	22.62	22.29	22.42	22.66	22.36	21.74
(1) μI_E 1σSB limit	30.56	30.40	30.41	30.62	30.41	30.09
(2) μI_E 1σ SB limit	30.67	30.69	30.59	30.76	30.57	30.19
(3) μI_E 1σ SB limit	30.61	30.63	30.52	30.63	30.47	30.04
			30.49 ± 0.20^b

(mag arcsec^-2)				30.3^c
μY_E sky	22.64	22.28	22.40	22.52	22.22	21.60
(1) μY_E 1σ SB limit	29.51	29.50	29.39	29.47	29.35	28.77
(2) μY_E 1σ SB limit	29.37	29.21	29.22	29.35	29.25	28.77
(3) μY_E 1σSB limit	29.16	29.06	29.09	29.17	29.05	28.53
			29.18 ± 0.26^b

(mag arcsec^-2)				28.7^c
μJ_E sky	22.68	22.39	22.50	22.56	22.26	21.67
(1) μJ_E 1σSB limit	29.71	29.32	29.59	29.66	29.51	28.97
(2) μJ_E 1σ SB limit	29.54	29.52	29.48	29.56	29.45	29.00
(3) μJ_E 1σSB limit	29.32	29.21	29.28	29.36	29.25	28.77
			29.36 ± 0.24^b

(mag arcsec^-2)				28.9^c
μH_E sky	22.80	22.53	22.66	22.68	22.39	21.83
(1) μH_E 1σSB limit	29.72	29.30	29.42	29.68	29.57	29.02
(2) μH_E 1σSB limit	29.57	29.19	29.51	29.60	29.48	29.08
(3) μH_E 1σ SB limit	29.38	29.29	29.34	29.40	29.27	28.91
			29.37 ± 0.22^b
(mag arcsec^-2)				28.9^c

Notes. ^a In this and subsequent rows, the numbers in parentheses correspond to the different approaches: (1) the standard deviation among 100 arcsec² tiles following gnuastro/noisechisel; (2) Gaussian fits of the masked sky regions following Román et al. (2020); and (3) noise in the radial brightness profiles from AutoProf following Stone et al. (2021). ^b Mean and standard deviation of 1σ AB magnitude limits averaged ovffesreat.ll galaxies and methods. ^c 1σAB magnitude limits taken from Euclid Collaboration: Scaramella et al. (2022), after having removed the asinh

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