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Fig. 9

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Number of UDGs as a function of halo mass, includes data from various studies. Cluster UDGs are represented by brown hexagons (van der Burg et al. 2016), orange squares (Janssens et al. 2019), upward green triangles (Mancera Piña et al. 2019), downward red triangles (Venhola et al. 2022), purple pentagons (La Marca et al. 2022), and cyan crosses (Bautista et al. 2023). Group UDGs are represented by grey right-pointing triangles (van der Burg et al. 2017), blue circles (Román & Trujillo 2017), and left-pointing olive triangles (Forbes et al. 2020). The UDGs reported in this work are shown as a black star, while the UDG sample with a relaxed definition, similar to Karunakaran & Zaritsky (2023), is represented by a hollow black star.

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