Simulated proton fluxes using DBs shown in Fig. 5 and invariant parameters in the expressions of diffusion coefficients, as well as AMS observations of protons and the deviation of the two. Panel (a): [1.00–1.16] GV proton fluxes from AMS observation (red squares) with error bar and simulated 1.08 GV proton fluxes (magenta points) from June 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017. Panel (b): AMS observation error (gray shadow area) for [1.00–1.16] GV proton fluxes and simulation deviation (magenta points) for 1.08 GV proton fluxes from June 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017.