Fig. 10.

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Amplitude spectral density (ASD) calculated over four years of LISA operation, as a function of GW frequency, is shown. Tobs is the observation duration and is the ASD. The corresponding LISA instrument noise (excluding the galactic foreground) is depicted by the dashed black line. The SDSS polar sample from Inight et al. (2023) is represented by orange circles, with ZTF J0112+5827 highlighted by a blue circle.
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