Fig. 2

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Intersections of our estimates for P0 using Eq. (2), and the curves of ⟨κ⟩(P0) as estimated using Eqs. (3), (6), and (7) (the latter is constrained such that P0 < Pt) are shown by circular markers. The intersection location represents the lower limit for the pair-production multiplicity (see Table 3) for the associated values. Derived values for the pair-production multiplicity limit ⟨κ⟩lim for each pulsar are shown as lower limit markers in matching colours to the multiplicity curve. The top panel assumes a luminosity conversion efficiency of η = 1 in the determination of ⟨κ⟩lim, whereas the lower panel assumes η = 0.1.
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