Issue |
A&A
Volume 694, February 2025
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A324 | |
Number of page(s) | 7 | |
Section | Galactic structure, stellar clusters and populations | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451276 | |
Published online | 25 February 2025 |
Deriving pulsar pair-production multiplicities from pulsar wind nebulae using H.E.S.S. and LHAASO observations
1
Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg,
Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 2,
91058
Erlangen,
Germany
2
Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory,
Parks Road,
Oxford
OX1 3PU,
UK
★ Corresponding author; samuel.spencer@fau.de
Received:
27
June
2024
Accepted:
1
February
2025
Context. Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) dominate the galactic gamma-ray sky at very high energies and they are major contributors to the leptonic cosmic ray flux. However, the question of whether or not pulsars also accelerate ions to comparable energies has not yet been experimentally confirmed.
Aims. We aim to constrain the birth period and pair-production multiplicity for a set of pulsars. In doing so, we aim to constrain the proportion of ions in the pulsar magnetosphere and, hence, the proportion of ions that could enter the pulsar wind.
Methods. We estimated possible ranges of the value of the average pair production multiplicity for a sample of 26 pulsars in the Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF) catalogue, which have also been observed by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) telescopes. We then derived lower limits for the pulsar birth periods and average pair production multiplicities for a subset of these sources where the extent of the pulsar wind nebula and surrounding supernova shell have been measured in the radio. We also derived curves for the average pair production multiplicities as a function of birth period for sources recently observed by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO).
Results. We show that there is a potential for hadrons entering the pulsar wind for most of the H.E.S.S. and LHAASO sources we consider here, which is dependent upon the efficiency of luminosity conversion into particles. We also present estimates of the pulsar birth period for six of these sources, all falling into the range of ≃10–50 ms.
Key words: pulsars: general / gamma rays: general
© The Authors 2025
Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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