Transmission spectra for the biotic scenarios. We show the JWST/NIRSpec range between 3 and 5 µm with a continuous grey cloud deck at the p = 0.01 bar (solid lines) and the dry biotic scenarios 1 and 2 with a lower cloud deck at the p = 0.1 bar (dashed line). The inlay for the 3.2–3.35 µm range highlights the O₃ (grey box) and CH₄ feature (magenta box). We further simulated JWST observations with PANDEXO for the dry biotic scenarios 1 and 2 with the lower cloud deck, simulating 100 transit observations of TRAPPIST-1e (black error bars). We chose the G395M grism setting and combined 10 pixels in one bin.