Fig. 9
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Variation in iron abundance on the stellar surface due to an engulfment event occurring at 8 Myr (blue), 60 Myr (orange), or 4.5 Gyr (green). Included are the cases of an engulfed planet with a mass of 2 M⊕ (solid line), 5 M⊕ (dashed line), or 10 M⊕ (dotted line). The solid black line models the evolution of the solar composition.
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