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Fig. 2

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Kernel density estimation plots illustrating the distribution of absolute error differences. The KDE bandwidth is determined by Scott’s rule and is clipped between the first and 99th percentiles. The models are supervised encoders (real and mixed data), supervised AE (bottleneck = 9), supervised infoVAE (bottleneck=32), and VAE (bottleneck = 128) (Sedaghat et al. 2021).

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