Pre-processing of SDO manetogram and flattened intensitygram images to derive active regions. Top left: original SDO manetogram image. Regions with positive and negative magnetic fields are labeled in red and blue, respectively. Top right: original SDO flattened intensitygram image. Regions with high contrast (in green) indicate the presence of spots. Bottom left: derived high-resolution active region location with a dimension of 3900 × 3900. The facula regions are in red, while the spots are in blue. Bottom right: low-resolution map of active regions with a size of 300 × 300, used as input of SOAP-GPU to speed up computation.