Range in excitation temperatures (shaded colored areas) for all detected species measured toward the embedded low-mass protostellar systems in the JOYS sample. For each species, the range measured toward high-mass sources is presented in the shaded gray areas (Boogert et al. 1998; Lahuis & van Dishoeck 2000; Keane et al. 2001; Boonman et al. 2003; Knez et al. 2009; Karska et al. 2014; Dungee et al. 2018; Barr et al. 2018, 2020; Nickerson et al. 2023; Francis et al. 2024). Since for no data are available for SiO and C₄H₂ in high-mass sources, these are not displayed.