The GAPS programme at TNG - LXII. Studies of atmospheric FeII winds in ultra-hot Jupiters KELT-9b and KELT-20b using the HARPS-N spectrograph

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Volume 692 (December 2024)

A&A, 692 (2024) A76

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Table 5

Detected Fe II lines in the atmosphere of KELT-9b.

Line	h [%]	FWHM [km s⁻¹]	Kp [km s⁻¹]	v_sys + v_wind [km s⁻¹ ]	v_sys [km s⁻¹]	R_λ [Rp]	^νmic [km s⁻¹]	^νmac [km s⁻¹]	R_eff [Rp]
λ4173.45	-0.22 ± 0.3	${15.31}_{- 1.47}^{+ 1.61}$ $15.31_{ - 1.47}^{ + 1.61}$	${234.21}_{- 6.48}^{+ 5.99}$ $234.21_{ - 6.48}^{ + 5.99}$	$- {23.83}_{- 1.02}^{+ 0.98}$ $- 23.83_{ - 1.02}^{ + 0.98}$	$- {23.09}_{- 0.49}^{+ 0.55}$ $- 23.09_{ - 0.49}^{ + 0.55}$	0.91 ± 0.3	${1.73}_{- 0.99}^{+ 1.01}$ $1.73_{ - 0.99}^{ + 1.01}$	${2.64}_{1.71}^{+ 2.36}$ $2.64_{1.71}^{ + 2.36}$	1.15 ± 0.02
λ4233.16	-0.30 ± 0.03	${14.43}_{- 1.44}^{+ 1.59}$ $14.43_{ - 1.44}^{ + 1.59}$	${226.53}_{- 3.86}^{+ 4.35}$ $226.53_{ - 3.86}^{ + 4.35}$	$- {25.32}_{- 0.71}^{+ 0.63}$ $- 25.32_{ - 0.71}^{ + 0.63}$	$- {21.43}_{- 0.46}^{+ 0.45}$ $- 21.43_{ - 0.46}^{ + 0.45}$	0.88 ± 0.03	${1.32}_{- 0.62}^{+ 0.65}$ $1.32_{ - 0.62}^{ + 0.65}$	${6.18}_{- 3.24}^{+ 2.76}$ $6.18_{ - 3.24}^{ + 2.76}$	1.20 ± 0.02
λ4351.76	-0.21 ± 0.03	${32.57}_{- 6.26}^{+ 7.82}$ $32.57_{ - 6.26}^{ + 7.82}$	${242.31}_{- 11.68}^{+ 12.71}$ $242.31_{ - 11.68}^{ + 12.71}$	$- {26.02}_{- 1.96}^{+ 1.68}$ $- 26.02_{ - 1.96}^{ + 1.68}$	$- {20.55}_{- 0.72}^{+ 0.68}$ $- 20.55_{ - 0.72}^{ + 0.68}$	${1.08}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.05}$ $1.08_{ - 0.04}^{ + 0.05}$	${5.98}_{- 2.20}^{+ 2.67}$ $5.98_{ - 2.20}^{ + 2.67}$	${14.96}_{- 6.64}^{+ 5.12}$ $14.96_{ - 6.64}^{ + 5.12}$	$- {0.14}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.03}$ $- 0.14_{ - 0.04}^{ + 0.03}$
λ4385.37	${14.32}_{- 4.47}^{+ 5.98}$ $14.32_{ - 4.47}^{ + 5.98}$	${229.74}_{- 10.68}^{+ 9.83}$ $229.74_{ - 10.68}^{ + 9.83}$	$- {25.37}_{- 1.45}^{+ 1.48}$ $- 25.37_{ - 1.45}^{ + 1.48}$	$- {20.91}_{- 0.45}^{+ 0.45}$ $- 20.91_{ - 0.45}^{ + 0.45}$	${0.86}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.04}$ $0.86_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.04}$	${1.18}_{- 1.08}^{+ 1.70}$ $1.18_{ - 1.08}^{ + 1.70}$	${* 9.08}_{- 6.45}^{+ 8.66}$ $*9.08_{ - 6.45}^{ + 8.66}$	$- {0.08}_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.04}$ $- 0.08_{ - 0.06}^{ + 0.04}$	1.10 ± 0.03
λ4489.17	${11.11}_{- 7.09}^{+ 8.90}$ $11.11_{ - 7.09}^{ + 8.90}$	${218.17}_{- 19.13}^{+ 30.38}$ $218.17_{ - 19.13}^{ + 30.38}$	$- {23.93}_{- 3.31}^{+ 5.15}$ $- 23.93_{ - 3.31}^{ + 5.15}$	$- {21.99}_{- 0.55}^{+ 0.64}$ $- 21.99_{ - 0.55}^{ + 0.64}$	${0.96}_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.04}$ $0.96_{ - 0.05}^{ + 0.04}$	${0.93}_{- 0.58}^{+ 0.77}$ $0.93_{ - 0.58}^{ + 0.77}$	${5.40}_{- 3.61}^{+ 4.08}$ $5.40_{ - 3.61}^{ + 4.08}$	${14.50}_{- 2.87}^{+ 3.37}$ $14.50_{ - 2.87}^{ + 3.37}$	1.06 ± 0.04
λ4508.28	-0.13 ± 0.03	${231.38}_{- 7.68}^{+ 10.23}$ $231.38_{ - 7.68}^{ + 10.23}$	$- {24.01}_{- 1.76}^{+ 1.72}$ $- 24.01_{ - 1.76}^{ + 1.72}$	$- {22.94}_{- 0.66}^{+ 0.70}$ $- 22.94_{ - 0.66}^{ + 0.70}$	${0.65}_{- 0.45}^{+ 0.64}$ $0.65_{ - 0.45}^{ + 0.64}$	0.31 ± 0.04	* ${7.09}_{- 4.03}^{+ 3.99}$ $7.09_{ - 4.03}^{ + 3.99}$	${16.06}_{- 3.76}^{+ 4.20}$ $16.06_{ - 3.76}^{ + 4.20}$	1.09 ± 0.02
λ4515.76	-0.15 ± 0.03	${227.73}_{- 8.63}^{+ 8.93}$ $227.73_{ - 8.63}^{ + 8.93}$	$- {26.40}_{- 1.57}^{+ 1.64}$ $- 26.40_{ - 1.57}^{ + 1.64}$	$- {22.02}_{- 0.50}^{+ 0.50}$ $- 22.02_{ - 0.50}^{ + 0.50}$	${1.50}_{- 0.88}^{+ 1.00}$ $1.50_{ - 0.88}^{ + 1.00}$	0.92 ± 0.04	${9.78}_{- 6.09}^{+ 5.84}$ $9.78_{ - 6.09}^{ + 5.84}$	${0.16}_{- 0.07}^{+ 0.07}$ $0.16_{ - 0.07}^{ + 0.07}$	1.11 ± 0.02
λ4520.21	${6.05}_{- 2.24}^{+ 7.56}$ $6.05_{ - 2.24}^{ + 7.56}$	${256.84}_{- 4.55}^{+ 9.70}$ $256.84_{ - 4.55}^{ + 9.70}$	$- {29.88}_{- 0.81}^{+ 1.32}$ $- 29.88_{ - 0.81}^{ + 1.32}$	$- {22.19}_{- 0.40}^{+ 0.41}$ $- 22.19_{ - 0.40}^{ + 0.41}$	${0.46}_{- 0.34}^{+ 0.66}$ $0.46_{ - 0.34}^{ + 0.66}$	1.11 ± 0.03	* ${8.85}_{- 5.21}^{+ 5.63}$ $8.85_{ - 5.21}^{ + 5.63}$	${19.73}_{- 3.81}^{+ 4.61}$ $19.73_{ - 3.81}^{ + 4.61}$	1.11 ± 0.04
λ4522.63	-0.18 ± 0.03	${226.73}_{- 9.09}^{+ 10.87}$ $226.73_{ - 9.09}^{ + 10.87}$	$- {26.66}_{- 1.29}^{+ 1.49}$ $- 26.66_{ - 1.29}^{ + 1.49}$	$- {22.20}_{- 0.42}^{+ 0.38}$ $- 22.20_{ - 0.42}^{ + 0.38}$	${1.97}_{- 0.81}^{+ 0.83}$ $1.97_{ - 0.81}^{ + 0.83}$	1.08 ± 0.03	${9.36}_{- 3.62}^{+ 3.76}$ $9.36_{ - 3.62}^{ + 3.76}$	${15.74}_{- 3.22}^{+ 3.56}$ $15.74_{ - 3.22}^{ + 3.56}$	1.13 ± 0.02
λ4555.89	-0.19 ± 0.03	${247.15}_{- 6.89}^{+ 7.56}$ $247.15_{ - 6.89}^{ + 7.56}$	$- {24.89}_{- 1.33}^{+ 1.10}$ $- 24.89_{ - 1.33}^{ + 1.10}$	$- {21.36}_{- 0.46}^{+ 0.47}$ $- 21.36_{ - 0.46}^{ + 0.47}$	${2.27}_{- 1.00}^{+ 1.33}$ $2.27_{ - 1.00}^{ + 1.33}$	0.97 ± 0.03	${13.20}_{- 3.62}^{+ 4.36}$ $13.20_{ - 3.62}^{ + 4.36}$	${18.88}_{- 1.55}^{+ 1.69}$ $18.88_{ - 1.55}^{ + 1.69}$	1.13 ± 0.02
λ4583.83	-0.30 ± 0.02	${240.01}_{- 4.29}^{+ 4.73}$ $240.01_{ - 4.29}^{ + 4.73}$	$- {24.81}_{- 0.80}^{+ 0.71}$ $- 24.81_{ - 0.80}^{ + 0.71}$	${21.32}_{- 0.43}^{+ 0.44}$ $0.43_{ - 0.43}^{ + 0.44}$	${3.88}_{- 0.88}^{+ 0.89}$ $3.88_{ - 0.88}^{ + 0.89}$	0.92 ± 0.03	${8.49}_{- 2.56}^{+ 2.10}$ $8.49_{ - 2.56}^{ + 2.10}$	${17.23}_{- 5.82}^{+ 8.31}$ $17.23_{ - 5.82}^{ + 8.31}$	1.20 ± 0.01
λ4620.51	-0.08 ± 0.03	${240.17}_{- 20.80}^{+ 18.69}$ $240.17_{ - 20.80}^{ + 18.69}$	$- {24.84}_{- 2.50}^{+ 2.89}$ $- 24.84_{ - 2.50}^{ + 2.89}$	$- {22.72}_{- 0.70}^{+ 0.62}$ $- 22.72_{ - 0.70}^{ + 0.62}$	${6.42}_{- 3.48}^{+ 4.19}$ $6.42_{ - 3.48}^{ + 4.19}$	0.93 ± 0.05	${13.94}_{- 7.39}^{+ 6.25}$ $13.94_{ - 7.39}^{ + 6.25}$	${16.23}_{- 3.50}^{+ 3.42}$ $16.23_{ - 3.50}^{ + 3.42}$	1.05 ± 0.02
λ4629.33	-0.17 ± 0.03	${251.08}_{- 6.95}^{+ 7.90}$ $251.08_{ - 6.95}^{ + 7.90}$	$- {23.49}_{- 1.33}^{+ 1.16}$ $- 23.49_{ - 1.33}^{ + 1.16}$	$- {22.32}_{- 0.45}^{+ 0.44}$ $- 22.32_{ - 0.45}^{ + 0.44}$	${1.02}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.03}$ $1.02_{ - 0.04}^{ + 0.03}$	${2.09}_{- 0.87}^{+ 0.94}$ $2.09_{ - 0.87}^{ + 0.94}$	${6.75}_{- 3.73}^{+ 3.45}$ $6.75_{ - 3.73}^{ + 3.45}$	$- {0.41}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.02}$ $- 0.41_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.02}$	1.12 ± 0.02
λ4923.93	${15.53}_{- 1.15}^{+ 1.15}$ $15.53_{ - 1.15}^{ + 1.15}$	${238.10}_{- 2.79}^{+ 2.90}$ $238.10_{ - 2.79}^{ + 2.90}$	$- {26.11}_{- 0.46}^{+ 0.45}$ $- 26.11_{ - 0.46}^{ + 0.45}$	$- {20.09}_{- 0.36}^{+ 0.39}$ $- 20.09_{ - 0.36}^{ + 0.39}$	${3.95}_{- 0.47}^{+ 0.42}$ $3.95_{ - 0.47}^{ + 0.42}$	1.12± 0.03	${3.53}_{- 2.28}^{+ 2.42}$ $3.53_{ - 2.28}^{ + 2.42}$	${20.52}_{- 1.21}^{+ 1.29}$ $20.52_{ - 1.21}^{ + 1.29}$	1.27 ± 0.01
λ5018.43	-0.38 ± 0.02	${240.65}_{- 3.07}^{+ 2.98}$ $240.65_{ - 3.07}^{ + 2.98}$	$- {24.11}_{- 0.56}^{+ 0.57}$ $- 24.11_{ - 0.56}^{ + 0.57}$	$- {21.25}_{- 0.36}^{+ 0.35}$ $- 21.25_{ - 0.36}^{ + 0.35}$	${4.23}_{- 0.52}^{+ 0.54}$ $4.23_{ - 0.52}^{ + 0.54}$	1.14 ±0.03	${9.84}_{- 1.68}^{+ 1.51}$ $9.84_{ - 1.68}^{ + 1.51}$	${18.23}_{- 0.86}^{+ 0.95}$ $18.23_{ - 0.86}^{ + 0.95}$	1.25 ± 0.01
λ5169.03	-0.48 ± 0.02	${236.25}_{- 2.24}^{+ 2.38}$ $236.25_{ - 2.24}^{ + 2.38}$	$- {24.32}_{- 0.37}^{+ 0.41}$ $- 24.32_{ - 0.37}^{ + 0.41}$	$- {20.60}_{- 0.23}^{+ 0.24}$ $- 20.60_{ - 0.23}^{ + 0.24}$	${3.70}_{- 0.29}^{+ 0.43}$ $3.70_{ - 0.29}^{ + 0.43}$	1.25±0.02	${3.07}_{- 1.99}^{+ 2.12}$ $3.07_{ - 1.99}^{ + 2.12}$	${18.79}_{- 2.29}^{+ 2.91}$ $18.79_{ - 2.29}^{ + 2.91}$	1.31 ± 0.01
λ5197.57	-0.16 ± 0.02	${230.02}_{- 6.65}^{+ 7.03}$ $230.02_{ - 6.65}^{ + 7.03}$	$- {23.31}_{- 1.14}^{+ 1.28}$ $- 23.31_{ - 1.14}^{ + 1.28}$	$- {21.55}_{- 0.59}^{+ 0.59}$ $- 21.55_{ - 0.59}^{ + 0.59}$	${1.06}_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.04}$ $1.06_{ - 0.05}^{ + 0.04}$	${1.88}_{- 1.03}^{+ 0.96}$ $1.88_{ - 1.03}^{ + 0.96}$	${11.52}_{- 3.21}^{+ 3.29}$ $11.52_{ - 3.21}^{ + 3.29}$	${17.50}_{- 2.46}^{+ 2.80}$ $17.50_{ - 2.46}^{ + 2.80}$	1.11 ± 0.01
λ5234.62	-0.16 ± 0.02	${236.48}_{- 6.16}^{+ 6.23}$ $236.48_{ - 6.16}^{ + 6.23}$	$- {23.47}_{- 1.06}^{+ 1.17}$ $- 23.47_{ - 1.06}^{ + 1.17}$	$- {21.16}_{- 0.44}^{+ 0.48}$ $- 21.16_{ - 0.44}^{ + 0.48}$	${1.51}_{- 0.49}^{+ 0.48}$ $1.51_{ - 0.49}^{ + 0.48}$	1.23±0.04	${8.86}_{- 2.94}^{+ 2.97}$ $8.86_{ - 2.94}^{ + 2.97}$	${13.44}_{- 1.58}^{+ 1.92}$ $13.44_{ - 1.58}^{ + 1.92}$	1.11 ±0.01
λ5275.99	-0.23 ± 0.02	${226.77}_{- 3.36}^{+ 3.53}$ $226.77_{ - 3.36}^{ + 3.53}$	$- {25.95}_{- 0.65}^{+ 0.71}$ $- 25.95_{ - 0.65}^{ + 0.71}$	$- {21.64}_{- 0.44}^{+ 0.48}$ $- 21.64_{ - 0.44}^{ + 0.48}$	${3.28}_{- 0.75}^{+ 0.76}$ $3.28_{ - 0.75}^{ + 0.76}$	1.12±0.04	${3.30}_{2.26}^{- 2.90}$ $3.30_{2.26}^{ - 2.90}$	* ${19.59}_{- 1.34}^{+ 1.43}$ $19.59_{ - 1.34}^{ + 1.43}$	1.16 ± 0.02
λ5316.6	-0.29 ± 0.02	${242.16}_{- 4.04}^{+ 4.05}$ $242.16_{ - 4.04}^{ + 4.05}$	$- {22.67}_{- 0.65}^{+ 0.64}$ $- 22.67_{ - 0.65}^{ + 0.64}$	$- {21.39}_{- 0.41}^{+ 0.38}$ $- 21.39_{ - 0.41}^{ + 0.38}$	${3.79}_{- 0.69}^{+ 0.77}$ $3.79_{ - 0.69}^{ + 0.77}$	1.26±0.03	${2.61}_{- 1.78}^{+ 2.57}$ $2.61_{ - 1.78}^{ + 2.57}$	* ${18.51}_{- 3.25}^{+ 3.90}$ $18.51_{ - 3.25}^{ + 3.90}$	1.19 ± 0.01
λ5362.86	-0.12 ± 0.02	${242.76}_{- 12.79}^{+ 12.99}$ $242.76_{ - 12.79}^{ + 12.99}$	$- {26.23}_{- 1.48}^{+ 1.65}$ $- 26.23_{ - 1.48}^{ + 1.65}$	$- {21.19}_{- 0.57}^{+ 0.60}$ $- 21.19_{ - 0.57}^{ + 0.60}$	${3.26}_{- 1.12}^{+ 1.47}$ $3.26_{ - 1.12}^{ + 1.47}$	1.31 ± 0.05	${12.73}_{- 3.65}^{+ 3.87}$ $12.73_{ - 3.65}^{ + 3.87}$	${5.39}_{- 1.27}^{+ 1.38}$ $5.39_{ - 1.27}^{ + 1.38}$	1.08 ± 0.01

Notes. The list includes the parameters fitted in the MCMC analysis to detect the planetary signal, as well as the MCMC analysis to fit the micro- and macroturbulence velocity to the observed transmission spectrum based on the NLTE synthetic transmission spectra. The values marked with an asterisk “*” are consistent with 0 km s⁻¹.

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