Outlier detection: UMAP projection with n_components=2, n_neighbors=5, min_dist=0.001 calculated (a) on the PCA components of the 2D images to find outliers (b) after filtering outlier galaxy images by choosing galaxies with UMAP₁ < 2. We show some of the outliers at the top left of (a). The colour map corresponds to the masses of the galaxies in log₁₀(M/M_⊙). An interactive version of the plot on the right can be accessed using an online dashboard referenced in the GitHub repository of this work (see Appendix D)