Predicted log(C/O) versus log(O/H) + 12 for GS-z12. The evolutionary tracks represent different PopIII star-forming clumps that merge into the main branch of the galaxy. The tracks are color coded to indicate the time elapsed since the beginning of star formation (left panel) and the PopIII stellar mass (right panel). Also shown is the measured log(C/O) abundance for GS-z12 as derived by D’Eugenio et al. (2024). The blue marker represents the estimate obtained through a Bayesian modeling of the spectrum, while the gray stripe marks the lower limit derived using the photoionization models of Gutkin et al. (2016).