Left panel: Merger history of Adenia, a simulated SERRA galaxy similar to KLAMA. Individual lines show the galaxies’ stellar mass (M_*) eventually merging with Adenia as a function of cosmic time (t; redshift z is indicated in the upper axis). Each galaxy track is indicated with a different color; solid lines indicate when the different galaxies evolve as dynamical distinct systems according to the ROCKSTAR phase-space clump finder (Behroozi et al. 2013) and dashed lines highlight the merging events; see Pallottini et al. (2022, in particular Sect. 2.4.1), for details of the merger history computation. Right panel: Star formation history of Adenia as a function of the lookback time with respect to z = 6.3, when the galaxy is experiencing a merger (see Fig. 7).