UV luminosity function of galaxies at z = 5 from Bouwens et al. (2021) (solid blue line) and inferred contribution of galaxies hosting broad-line (type 1) AGNs with L_bol > 10⁴⁴ erg/s, inferred by us from the JADES survey (golden circles). Results from other surveys are also reported, as is indicated in the legend. The dashed blue line shows the galaxy luminosity function scaled downward by a factor of ten and fitting the JADES points. The orange-shaded region shows the range of possible extrapolated luminosity functions for QSOs from Niida et al. (2020).