Fig. 1

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Illustration and definition of quantities used in the analysis. A UHECR with a known rigidity r, enters the Galaxy with an arrival direction θtrue (red dot). Because of the GMF, it is deflected and is observed on Earth as arriving from θobs (black dot). The angular distance between θobs and θtrue is α, and it is the error that the GMF induces on the observed arrival direction. We traced back the particle through each GMF configuration sampled using NIFTy, thus ending up with a distribution of arrival directions P(θ|D), with D defined in Eq. (16). From the posterior samples drawn, we calculated the mean angular distances ⟨δθ⟩θ|D and ⟨δϕ⟩θ|D to the true and observed arrival directions, respectively, as well as the standard deviations for the former. The scales in this artificial example are larger for visual clarity, and do not correspond to an application of the method.
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