Characterization of Galactic stellar contributions. Top: The SKY model evaluated at K band for stars with m > 20.0. Intensities are in units of MJy sr⁻¹ and are masked at |b|< 20° (left) and for Year 1 of Euclid (right). Middle: The monopole amplitude of the SKY model as a function of wavelength and the bright magnitude limit. Bottom: The dipole amplitude of the SKY model as a function of wavelength and the bright magnitude limit. For the |b|< 20° mask (left) only the dominant X-component of the dipole is plotted. For the Year 1 mask (right) the total dipole is shown in black, and the X-component is shown in red. At these magnitude cuts and for these masks, the brightness and dipole of the model are dominated by the halo component, which is a spherical distribution of stars, peaked towards the Galactic center (+X).