Mass–radius diagrams of small planets orbiting M-dwarfs, focusing on those larger and more massive than Earth, up to 3 R_⊕. The three rows correspond to three equilibrium temperature intervals, with planets with T_eq ≤ 450 K at the top, 450 K < T_eq < 700 K in the middle, and at the bottom T_eq ≥ 700 K. The two columns correspond to the two internal structure models, from Aguichine et al. (2021) (A21) on the left and from Luo et al. (2024) (LDD24) on the right. The composition lines are drawn from these models at the average temperatures of planets in the intervals, 400 K, 550 K, and 800 K for cold, warm, and hot respectively. Each panels feature Zeng et al. (2019)’s terrestrial and 50% water composition lines represented by black dash-dotted lines and dotted respectively.