The ESO SupJup Survey - I. Chemical and isotopic characterisation of the late L-dwarf DENIS J0255-4700 with CRIRES+

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Volume 688 (August 2024)

A&A, 688 (2024) A116

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Table 1

Free parameters and the utilised prior ranges of the discussed retrievals.

Parameter	Description			Prior	Free-chem.	Quenched	Quenched	Eq.-chem.	HITEMP
					(fiducial)	via P_quench	via K_zz		H₂O
R [R_Jup]	Radius			𝒰 (0.4, 1.5)	${0.78}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $0.78_{ - 0.01}^{ + 0.01}$	${0.77}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $0.77_{ - 0.01}^{ + 0.01}$	${0.78}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $0.78_{ - 0.01}^{ + 0.01}$	${0.67}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $0.67_{ - 0.01}^{ + 0.01}$	${0.85}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $0.85_{ - 0.01}^{ + 0.01}$
log g [cm s⁻²]	Surface gravity			𝒰 (4.5, 6)	${5.27}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.04}$ $5.27_{ - 0.04}^{ + 0.04}$	${5.31}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.04}$ $5.31_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.04}$	${5.25}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.04}$ $5.25_{ - 0.04}^{ + 0.04}$	${6.000}_{- 0.003}^{+ 0.001}$ $6.000_{ - 0.003}^{ + 0.001}$	${5.74}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.04}$ $5.74_{ - 0.04}^{ + 0.04}$
є_limb	Limb-darkening coefficient			𝒰 (0.2, 1)	${0.65}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.65_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	${0.65}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.65_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	${0.66}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.66_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	${0.72}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.72_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	${0.58}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.58_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$
v sin i [km s⁻¹ ]	Rotational velocity			𝒰 (35, 50)	${41.05}_{- 0.19}^{+ 0.19}$ $41.05_{ - 0.19}^{ + 0.19}$	${41.04}_{- 0.18}^{+ 0.18}$ $41.04_{ - 0.18}^{ + 0.18}$	${41.11}_{- 0.19}^{+ 0.18}$ $41.11_{ - 0.19}^{ + 0.18}$	${41.49}_{- 0.21}^{+ 0.22}$ $41.49_{ - 0.21}^{ + 0.22}$	${40.45}_{- 0.15}^{+ 0.14}$ $40.45_{ - 0.15}^{ + 0.14}$
v_rad [km s⁻¹]	Radial velocity			𝒰 (20, 25)	${22.55}_{- 0.07}^{+ 0.07}$ $22.55_{ - 0.07}^{ + 0.07}$	${22.56}_{- 0.07}^{+ 0.07}$ $22.56_{ - 0.07}^{ + 0.07}$	${22.57}_{- 0.07}^{+ 0.07}$ $22.57_{ - 0.07}^{ + 0.07}$	${22.45}_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.09}$ $22.45_{ - 0.10}^{ + 0.09}$	${22.49}_{- 0.07}^{+ 0.07}$ $22.49_{ - 0.07}^{ + 0.07}$

log ¹²CO	VMR of ¹²CO			𝒰 (−10, −2)	$- {3.32}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $- 3.32_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	-		-	$- {3.12}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $- 3.12_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$
log H₂O		H₂O		𝒰 (−10, −2)	$- {3.62}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $- 3.62_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	-		-	$- {3.36}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $- 3.36_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$
log CH₄		CH₄		𝒰 (−10, −2)	$- {4.92}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $- 4.92_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	-		-	$- {4.61}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $- 4.61_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$
log NH₃		NH₃		𝒰 (−10, −2)	$- {5.99}_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.05}$ $- 5.99_{ - 0.05}^{ + 0.05}$	-		-	$- {5.75}_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.06}$ $- 5.75_{ - 0.06}^{ + 0.06}$
log ¹³CO		¹³CO		𝒰 (−10, −2)	$- {5.59}_{- 0.13}^{+ 0.11}$ $- 5.59_{ - 0.13}^{ + 0.11}$	-		-	$- {5.20}_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.09}$ $- 5.20_{ - 0.10}^{ + 0.09}$
log CO₂	"	CO₂		𝒰 (−10, −2)	$- {7.99}_{- 1.18}^{+ 1.27}$ $- 7.99_{ - 1.18}^{ + 1.27}$	-		-	$- {7.72}_{- 1.36}^{+ 1.39}$ $- 7.72_{ - 1.36}^{ + 1.39}$
log HCN	"	HCN		𝒰 (−10, −2)	$- {7.73}_{- 1.34}^{+ 1.29}$ $- 7.73_{ - 1.34}^{ + 1.29}$	-		-	$- {7.11}_{- 1.65}^{+ 1.51}$ $- 7.11_{ - 1.65}^{ + 1.51}$
C/O	Carbon-to-oxygen ratio			𝒰 (0, 1)	${0.681}_{- 0.005}^{+ 0.005}$ $0.681_{ - 0.005}^{ + 0.005}$	${0.631}_{- 0.004}^{+ 0.004}$ $0.631_{ - 0.004}^{ + 0.004}$	${0.639}_{- 0.005}^{+ 0.005}$ $0.639_{ - 0.005}^{ + 0.005}$	${0.553}_{- 0.004}^{+ 0.004}$ $0.553_{ - 0.004}^{ + 0.004}$	${0.656}_{- 0.005}^{+ 0.005}$ $0.656_{ - 0.005}^{ + 0.005}$
[Fe/H] or [C/H]	Metallicity			𝒰 (−1.5, 1.5)	${0.03}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.03_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	${0.06}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.02}$ $0.06_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.02}$	${0.02}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.02_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	${0.89}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.89_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	${0.24}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.24_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$
log ¹³CO/¹²CO	CO isotopologue ratio			𝒰 (−10, 0)	$- {2.27}_{- 0.13}^{+ 0.11}$ $- 2.27_{ - 0.13}^{ + 0.11}$	$- {2.26}_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.10}$ $- 2.26_{ - 0.12}^{ + 0.10}$	$- {2.26}_{- 0.13}^{+ 0.10}$ $- 2.26_{ - 0.13}^{ + 0.10}$	$- {5.84}_{- 2.49}^{+ 2.42}$ $- 5.84_{ - 2.49}^{ + 2.42}$	$- {2.07}_{- 0.09}^{+ 0.08}$ $- 2.07_{ - 0.09}^{ + 0.08}$
log P_quench(CO, CH₄, H₂O) [bar]	Quench pressure CO-CH₄			𝒰 (−6, 2)	-	${1.47}_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.06}$ $1.47_{ - 0.06}^{ + 0.06}$	${1.24}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $1.24_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}$	-	-
log P_quench(NH₃) [bar]		"	N₂-NH₃	𝒰 (−6, 2)	-	${0.24}_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.11}$ $0.24_{ - 0.12}^{ + 0.11}$	${1.29}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $1.29_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}$	-	-
log P_quench(HCN) [bar]		"	HCN	𝒰 (−6, 2)	-	$- {2.14}_{- 2.28}^{+ 2.20}$ $- 2.14_{ - 2.28}^{ + 2.20}$	${1.29}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $1.29_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}$	-	-
log P_quench(CO₂) [bar]		"	CO₂	𝒰 (−6, 2)	-	$- {2.00}_{- 2.24}^{+ 2.25}$ $- 2.00_{ - 2.24}^{ + 2.25}$	${0.49}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.49_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	-	-
log K_zz [cm² s⁻¹]	Eddy diffusion coefficient			𝒰 (5, 15)	-	^-	${9.57}_{- 0.08}^{+ 0.07}$ $9.57_{ - 0.08}^{ + 0.07}$	^-	^-

log γ	PT profile smoothing			𝒰 (−4, 4)	${0.86}_{- 0.73}^{+ 0.89}$ $0.86_{ - 0.73}^{ + 0.89}$	${1.17}_{- 0.57}^{+ 0.72}$ $1.17_{ - 0.57}^{ + 0.72}$	${2.64}_{- 0.56}^{+ 0.60}$ $2.64_{ - 0.56}^{ + 0.60}$	${1.62}_{- 0.57}^{+ 0.76}$ $1.62_{ - 0.57}^{ + 0.76}$	${0.70}_{- 0.90}^{+ 1.11}$ $0.70_{ - 0.90}^{ + 1.11}$
Δ log P_PT [bar]	Separation of bottom knots			𝒰 (0, 2)	${0.31}_{- 0.09}^{+ 0.10}$ $0.31_{ - 0.09}^{ + 0.10}$	${0.23}_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.04}$ $0.23_{ - 0.05}^{ + 0.04}$	${0.28}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.05}$ $0.28_{ - 0.04}^{ + 0.05}$	${0.76}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.02}$ $0.76_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.02}$	${0.33}_{- 0.09}^{+ 0.07}$ $0.33_{ - 0.09}^{ + 0.07}$
T₁ [K]	Temperature at node 1			𝒰 (0, 6000)	$3802_{- 1135}^{+ 1169}$ $3802_{ - 1135}^{ + 1169}$	$4654_{- 783}^{+ 678}$ $4654_{ - 783}^{ + 678}$	$2271_{- 758}^{+ 1447}$ $2271_{ - 758}^{ + 1447}$	$5451_{- 588}^{+ 378}$ $5451_{ - 588}^{ + 378}$	$1975_{- 438}^{+ 1235}$ $1975_{ - 438}^{ + 1235}$
T₂ [K]		"	node 2	𝒰 (0, 4500)	$2613_{- 417}^{+ 628}$ $2613_{ - 417}^{ + 628}$	$3255_{- 237}^{+ 295}$ $3255_{ - 237}^{ + 295}$	$4125_{- 313}^{+ 254}$ $4125_{ - 313}^{ + 254}$	$1577_{- 10}^{+ 11}$ $1577_{ - 10}^{ + 11}$	$1760_{- 94}^{+ 232}$ $1760_{ - 94}^{ + 232}$
T₃ [K]		"	node 3	𝒰 (0, 3000)	$1787_{- 71}^{+ 87}$ $1787_{ - 71}^{ + 87}$	$1867_{- 42}^{+ 42}$ $1867_{ - 42}^{ + 42}$	$2013_{- 97}^{+ 94}$ $2013_{ - 97}^{ + 94}$	$1659_{- 11}^{+ 12}$ $1659_{ - 11}^{ + 12}$	$1609_{- 32}^{+ 33}$ $1609_{ - 32}^{ + 33}$
T₄ [K]		"	node 4	𝒰 (0, 2000)	$1507_{- 47}^{+ 41}$ $1507_{ - 47}^{ + 41}$	$1545_{- 22}^{+ 22}$ $1545_{ - 22}^{ + 22}$	$1529_{- 17}^{+ 15}$ $1529_{ - 17}^{ + 15}$	$1350_{- 12}^{+ 13}$ $1350_{ - 12}^{ + 13}$	$1358_{- 36}^{+ 44}$ $1358_{ - 36}^{ + 44}$
T₅ [K]		"	node 5	𝒰 (0, 2000)	$1107_{- 50}^{+ 43}$ $1107_{ - 50}^{ + 43}$	$1149_{- 25}^{+ 25}$ $1149_{ - 25}^{ + 25}$	$1118_{- 29}^{+ 21}$ $1118_{ - 29}^{ + 21}$	$1145_{- 6}^{+ 6}$ $1145_{ - 6}^{ + 6}$	$1039_{- 23}^{+ 30}$ $1039_{ - 23}^{ + 30}$
T₆ [K]		"	node 6	𝒰 (0, 2000)	$729_{- 33}^{+ 32}$ $729_{ - 33}^{ + 32}$	$743_{- 23}^{+ 23}$ $743_{ - 23}^{ + 23}$	$777_{- 25}^{+ 24}$ $777_{ - 25}^{ + 24}$	$979_{- 8}^{+ 8}$ $979_{ - 8}^{ + 8}$	$805_{- 32}^{+ 27}$ $805_{ - 32}^{ + 27}$
T₇ [K]		_"	node 7	𝒰 (0, 2000)	$1077_{- 565}^{+ 539}$ $1077_{ - 565}^{ + 539}$	$1131_{- 568}^{+ 522}$ $1131_{ - 568}^{ + 522}$	$1019_{- 603}^{+ 570}$ $1019_{ - 603}^{ + 570}$	$1427_{- 430}^{+ 378}$ $1427_{ - 430}^{ + 378}$	$995_{- 569}^{+ 538}$ $995_{ - 569}^{ + 538}$

log K_cl,0 [cm² g⁻¹]	Opacity at cloud base			𝒰 (−10, 3)	$- {4.81}_{- 3.14}^{+ 3.19}$ $- 4.81_{ - 3.14}^{ + 3.19}$	$- {4.77}_{- 2.97}^{+ 3.00}$ $- 4.77_{ - 2.97}^{ + 3.00}$	$- {4.52}_{- 3.26}^{+ 3.08}$ $- 4.52_{ - 3.26}^{ + 3.08}$	$- {4.48}_{- 3.62}^{+ 3.57}$ $- 4.48_{ - 3.62}^{ + 3.57}$	$- {4.59}_{- 3.08}^{+ 3.12}$ $- 4.59_{ - 3.08}^{ + 3.12}$
log P_base [bar]	Cloud base pressure			𝒰 (−6, 3)	$- {1.69}_{- 2.53}^{+ 2.93}$ $- 1.69_{ - 2.53}^{ + 2.93}$	$- {1.79}_{- 2.47}^{+ 2.82}$ $- 1.79_{ - 2.47}^{ + 2.82}$	$- {2.05}_{- 2.48}^{+ 3.02}$ $- 2.05_{ - 2.48}^{ + 3.02}$	$- {1.64}_{- 2.72}^{+ 3.00}$ $- 1.64_{ - 2.72}^{ + 3.00}$	$- {1.87}_{- 2.39}^{+ 2.86}$ $- 1.87_{ - 2.39}^{ + 2.86}$
ƒ_sed	Cloud decay power			𝒰 (0, 20)	${10.06}_{- 5.76}^{+ 5.65}$ $10.06_{ - 5.76}^{ + 5.65}$	${9.76}_{- 5.42}^{+ 5.68}$ $9.76_{ - 5.42}^{ + 5.68}$	${10.11}_{- 5.88}^{+ 5.97}$ $10.11_{ - 5.88}^{ + 5.97}$	${10.19}_{- 6.24}^{+ 6.27}$ $10.19_{ - 6.24}^{ + 6.27}$	${10.28}_{- 6.02}^{+ 5.71}$ $10.28_{ - 6.02}^{ + 5.71}$

a₁	GP amplitude for order 1			𝒰 (0.1, 0.8)	${0.62}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.04}$ $0.62_{ - 0.04}^{ + 0.04}$	${0.60}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.04}$ $0.60_{ - 0.04}^{ + 0.04}$	${0.62}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.05}$ $0.62_{ - 0.04}^{ + 0.05}$	${0.69}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.04}$ $0.69_{ - 0.04}^{ + 0.04}$	${0.79}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $0.79_{ - 0.01}^{ + 0.01}$
a₂		"	order 2	𝒰 (0.1, 0.8)	${0.45}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.45_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	${0.44}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.44_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	${0.44}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.44_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	${0.65}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.04}$ $0.65_{ - 0.04}^{ + 0.04}$	${0.79}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $0.79_{ - 0.01}^{ + 0.01}$
a₃		"	order 3	𝒰 (0.1, 0.8)	${0.32}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $0.32_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}$	${0.32}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $0.32_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}$	${0.32}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $0.32_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}$	${0.38}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.38_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.03}$	${0.44}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $0.44_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}$
a₄		_"	order 4	𝒰 (0.1, 0.8)	${0.30}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $0.30_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}$	${0.31}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $0.31_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}$	${0.32}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $0.32_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}$	${0.38}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.38_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	${0.31}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $0.31_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}$
a₅		"	order 5	𝒰 (0.1, 0.8)	${0.32}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $0.32_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}$	${0.32}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $0.32_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}$	${0.33}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $0.33_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}$	${0.45}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.45_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	${0.36}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $0.36_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}$
a₆		"	order 6	𝒰 (0.1, 0.8)	${0.50}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.50_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.03}$	${0.51}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.51_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.03}$	${0.51}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.51_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	${0.795}_{- 0.007}^{+ 0.004}$ $0.795_{ - 0.007}^{ + 0.004}$	${0.51}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.51_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$
a₇		"	order 7	𝒰 (0.1, 0.8)	${0.65}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.65_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	${0.65}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.65_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	${0.67}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.67_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}$	${0.794}_{- 0.008}^{+ 0.005}$ $0.794_{ - 0.008}^{ + 0.005}$	${0.795}_{- 0.006}^{+ 0.004}$ $0.795_{ - 0.006}^{ + 0.004}$
ℓ [km s⁻¹]	GP length-scale			𝒰 (10, 40)	${23.87}_{- 0.96}^{+ 1.04}$ $23.87_{ - 0.96}^{ + 1.04}$	${23.44}_{- 0.94}^{+ 0.97}$ $23.44_{ - 0.94}^{ + 0.97}$	${23.60}_{- 0.93}^{+ 1.02}$ $23.60_{ - 0.93}^{ + 1.02}$	${23.94}_{- 0.68}^{+ 0.65}$ $23.94_{ - 0.68}^{ + 0.65}$	${26.90}_{- 0.75}^{+ 0.82}$ $26.90_{ - 0.75}^{ + 0.82}$

				ln B_m	-	−4.2 (−3.4σ)	−12.1 (−5.3σ)	−416 (−29.0σ)	−315 (−25.2σ)

Notes. The five rightmost columns indicate the retrieved parameters for the free-chemistry, quenched equilibrium (via P_quench and K_zz), and un-quenched equilibrium approaches discussed in Sect. 4.3, as well as the retrieval carried out with the HITEMP H₂O line list outlined in 4.4. Grey cursive values were not retrieved as free parameters, but derived from the given results. The Bayes factors (ln Bm) on the bottom row were calculated with respect to the fiducial model.

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