Table 3
Best-fit parameters for each species, with both LTE and non-LTE modeling when possible.
| Species | Tex (K) | N (cm−2) | θs (″) | Tex (K) | N (cm−2) | Tkin (K) | n(H2) (cm-3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (LTE) | (LTE) | (LTE) | (non-LTE) | (non-LTE) | (non-LTE) | (non-LTE) | |
| CCH (b·g) | 8.9 | 3.6(0.2) × 1014 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| CCD (e,g) | 8.9 (0.7) | 9.4(0.3) × 1012 | – | – | – | – | |
| C13CH (b,g) | 8.9 | 4.0(0.3) × 1012 | – | – | – | – | |
| CCS(e) | 12.1 (1.1) | 2.8(1.0) × 1012 | 39.2(18.1) | – | – | – | _ |
| C3H(e) | 9.0 (0.7) | 3.5(0.5) × 1011 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| C-C3H2(e) | 10.4 (0.3) | 1.3(0.1) × 1013 | 64.0 (16.8) | – | – | – | _ |
| c-C3HD(e) | 9.8 (0.8) | 9.3(1.4) × 1011 | 52.2 (22.9) | – | – | – | _ |
| c-CC13CH2(e) | 7.8 (2.7) | 3.6(0.5) × 1011 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| l-C3H2 (e) | 16.2 (3.7) | 1.7(0.2) × 1011 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| C3N(e) | 16.4 (1.7) | 2.3(0.3) × 1011 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| C3O(e) | 22.9 (14.8) | 1.2(0.2) × 1011 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| C3S | 29.9 (9.6) | 2.0(0.3) × 1011 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| C4H(e) | 16.7 (1.0) | 4.3(0.7) × 1012 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| l-C4H2(e) | 23.0 (6.7) | 2.6(1.6) × 1011 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| CH3CCH(e) | 21.8 (0.8) | 1.8(0.0) × 1013 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| CH2DCCH | 12.4 (6.3) | 3.3(0.8) × 1012 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| CH3CHO(a,e) | 8.3 (0.6) | 2.3(0.4) × 1012 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| CH3CN | 28.3 (5.0) | 2.1(0.3) × 1011 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| CH3OH (C.1)(d) | 12.9 (1.7) | 2.7(0.9) × 1013 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| CH3OH (c.2)(d) | 273.6 (161.2) | 2.8(0.8) × 1018 | 0.15 | – | – | – | _ |
| CS(e) | 9.0 (2.2) | 1.2(0.2) × 1013 | >100 | [10.2 − 12.5] | 1.5(0.1) × 1013 | 14.0 (3.7) | 6.7(93) × 105 |
| 13CS (α,e) | 4.9 (0.6) | 7.3(1.5) × 1011 | >100 | [4.8 − 5.5] | 5.0(0.1) × 1011 | 42.0 (7.4) | 4.0(0.1) × 104 |
| C33S (a,b) | 9.0 | 2.1(0.2) × 1011 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| C34S | 11.3 (2.7) | 1.4(0.1) × 1012 | >100 | 13.0 | 1.2(0.1) × 1012 | 13.0 (10.8) | 1.0(1.0) × 108 |
| HCN(b) | 5.0 | 3.0(0.7) × 1013 | >100 | 10.0 | 6.8(2.3) × 1012 | 11.0 | 2.0 × 106 |
| DCN(a,e) | 5.0 (0.3) | 1.3(0.1) × 1012 | >100 | [6.1 − 12.3] | 1.1(0.3) × 1012 | 11.0 (4.9) | 2.0(3.4) × 106 |
| H13CN (ű,b) | 5.0 | 6.1(0.3) × 1011 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| HC15N (ű,b) | 5.0 | 1.9(0.2) × 1011 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| HNC(b) | –( f ) | – | – | 8.7 | 1.2(0.1) × 1013 | 9.0 | 1.2 × 106 |
| DNC | 3.9 (0.3) | 5.2(2.4) × 1012 | >100 | [7.2 − 9.4] | 1.4(0.4) × 1012 | 9.0 (4.7) | 1.2(8.8) × 106 |
| HN13C(b) | 3.9 | 1.3(0.1) × 1012 | >100 | 9.2 | 5.6(0.5) × 1011 | 9.0 | 1.2 × 106 |
| H15NC (ű,b) | 3.9 | 2.4(0.2) × 1011 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| HNCO(e) | 16.9 (1.8) | 1.1(0.2) × 1012 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| DCO+ | 5.7 (0.7) | 3.0(0.7) × 1012 | >100 | [9.1 − 10.9] | 2.0(0.1) × 1012 | 10(c) (2.4) | 1.4(98) × 106 |
| H13CO+ (b) | 5.7 | 4.1(0.7) × 1012 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| HC18O+ (b) | 5.7 | 2.7(0.2) × 1011 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| HC3N(e) | 21.4 (1.1) | 3.5(0.2) × 1012 | >100 | 21.0 | 3.6(0.5) × 1012 | 21.0 (4.0) | 6.7(6.6) × 107 |
| DC3N(e) | 25.5 (6.3) | 1.2(0.1) × 1011 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| H13CCCN(e) | 12.6 (3.7) | 1.1(0.5) × 1011 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| HC13CCN | 15.4 (6.6) | 6.2(3.6) × 1010 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| HCC13CN(e) | 20.3 (5.3) | 7.2(1.4) × 1010 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| HC5N(e) | 34.0 (2.7) | 5.2(0.6) × 1011 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| H2CO(e) | 18.4 (4.8) | 2.2(0.5) × 1013 | >100 | [7.9 − 11.6] | 2.6(0.7) × 1012 | 10.0(c) (4.1) | 6.7(93) × 105 |
| D2CO(b) | 18.4 | 2.7(0.2) × 1012 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| H213CO(e) | 35.7 (17.0) | 1.1(0.5) × 1012 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| H2CCO(e) | 16.0 (1.5) | 2.2(0.1) × 1012 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| H2CS(e) | 16.2 (1.2) | 2.4(0.1) × 1012 | >100 | – | – | – | _ |
| HNCO | 16.6 (1.3) | 1.1(0.1) × 1012 | >100 | – | – | – | – |
| HOCO+ | 5.9(1.8) | 2.2(1.1) × 1011 | >100 | – | – | – | – |
| N2 D+(a) | 3.7 (0.0) | 1 .2(0.0) × 1012 | >100 | – | – | – | – |
| SO(e) | 49.4 (14.9) | 2.3(0.5) × 1013 | >100 | – | – | – | – |
| 34 SO | 32.3 (22) | 9.4(2.9) × 1011 | 33.1(33.3) | – | – | – | – |
| SO2 (e) | 39.2 (7.1) | 7.3(4.2) × 1012 | 17.3(7.8) | – | – | – | – |
Notes. The number in parenthesis indicate the uncertainties. Bracketed values for the non-LTE Tex\sigma _i^2{{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{CO}}/{\rm{H}}_2^{13}\,{\rm{CO}}aa50023-24aa50023-24@ indicate the range of excitation temperatures for the lines of the species. (a)The partition functions of those species have been extrapolated below 9.375 K. (b)The column densities of those species have been calculated using the excitation temperature of their isotopologue. (c)Minimum kinetic temperature below which collision coefficients are not available. (d)See Sect. 3.2.3. (e)Species for which a rotational diagram has been fitted (see Sect. 3.2.1). The following is the list of references for collision coefficients; CS: Denis-Alpizar et al. (2013), 13CS and C34S: Lique et al. (2006), HCN: Goicoechea et al. (2022), DCN: Magalhães et al. (2018), HNC and DNC: Hernández Vera et al. (2017), HN13C: Dumouchel et al. (2010), DCO+: Flower (1999), HC3N: Faure et al. (2016), H2CO: Wiesenfeld & Faure (2013).(ΛWe could not find a good fit of HNC in LTE, so we did not include it in the table. (g)We do not report our non-LTE results for CCH, CCD, and C13CH due to very poor constraints with the fitting method.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.